Sia nelle zone rurali che in quelle urbane, le donne hanno un ruolo centrale nella lotta contro la povertà e contribuiscono alla sicurezza alimentare. La DSC sostiene le donne affinché abbiano accesso alle risorse naturali, alla formazione professionale, ai mercati e ai servizi.
Accesso alle risorse naturali, all’istruzione e a fonti di reddito
Obiettivi principali della DSC
La DSC intende rafforzare il ruolo delle donne nell’ambito della sicurezza alimentare. I suoi obiettivi fondamentali sono i seguenti:
- garantire pari diritti di accesso alle risorse, con particolare attenzione alla governance fondiaria
- potenziare la situazione economica delle donne migliorando le catene del valore aggiunto e l’accesso alla formazione professionale, ai mercati e ai servizi;
- integrare sistemi di sicurezza sociale attenti alle questioni di genere nelle economie rurali.
Contesto
Le donne svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nella riduzione della povertà e nel raggiungimento della sicurezza alimentare poiché sono molto attive nella produzione agricola e nell’economia rurale. In molti Paesi sono però discriminate sul piano sociale e giuridico e hanno un accesso limitato ai diritti di proprietà e uso del terreno, ai mezzi di produzione, alla formazione professionale come pure ai servizi finanziari.
Nelle economie rurali le donne lavorano per lo più in imprese familiari e nel settore informale, dove nonostante le lunghe giornate di lavoro il guadagno è minimo a causa della bassa produttività. Le donne sono numerose anche nei settori a basso reddito, come quello tessile, con condizioni di lavoro precarie. La loro possibilità di contribuire alla sicurezza alimentare, alla stabilità economica e allo sviluppo non è sfruttata adeguatamente.
Alcune analisi mostrano che vi sono due fattori decisivi alla base della discriminazione strutturale delle donne nello sviluppo economico:
1. discriminazioni multiple per motivi di appartenenza religiosa, sociale o etnica;
2. l’onere del lavoro domestico e dei compiti di cura e assistenza non retribuiti, che in ragione di norme sociali e di una cristallizzazione dei ruoli continuano a essere svolti in prevalenza dalle donne.
Questi fattori limitano le possibilità delle donne di seguire una formazione o ambire a un lavoro produttivo e retribuito e ostacolano il loro accesso ai sistemi di sicurezza sociale, generalmente subordinati a un impiego formale e a un reddito.
Links
Documenti
Genere e governance del territorio 2017 (en)
Genere e Paese – Implicazioni per uno sviluppo sostenibile 2014 (PDF, 28 Pagine, 13.8 MB, inglese)
Sesso e lavoro di cura non retribuito (en) (PDF, 9 Pagine, 866.5 kB, inglese)
Misurazione dell'Empowerment economico delle donne, OCSE (en) (PDF, 23 Pagine, 1.0 MB, inglese)
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