Situation in the Middle East

Switzerland welcomes the announcement of a ceasefire in Lebanon. The agreement between Israel and Hezbollah is grounded in UN Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006), which has long called for a complete cessation of hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel. Switzerland urges all parties to fully implement this agreement. The suffering of civilians must come to an end.

Switzerland calls on all parties to respect international law and prioritise diplomacy to de-escalate tensions across the entire region. A ceasefire in Gaza, the immediate and unconditional release of hostages, and an urgent scale-up of humanitarian aid are also critical.

On 28 October 2024, the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, passed two laws aimed at preventing UNRWA from operating in the occupied Palestinian territory. In view of the discussion of the three UNRWA motions in the Foreign Policy Commission of the Council of States on 21 November 2024, the Federal Council has instructed the Directorate of International Law (DIL) in the FDFA, together with the MENA Division and the SDC, to prepare a brief report on the international legal, humanitarian and political implications of the Israeli laws. The report was presented to the Federal Council on 13 November and subsequently submitted to the Foreign Policy Commissions of the National Council and the Council of States.

The report concludes that the Israeli laws on UNRWA are largely incompatible with Israel's obligations under international law, in particular the UN Charter and international humanitarian law. Furthermore, it is highly likely that the civilian population in the occupied Palestinian territory will face a collapse in basic services and humanitarian aid in the short term as a result of the implementation of the Israeli UNRWA laws. Switzerland has called on Israel, including in the context of the UN Security Council, to fulfil its obligations under international law as an occupying power and to ensure that the basic needs of the population in the occupied Palestinian territory are met.

According to current estimations, there is currently no actor that could take over the tasks of UNRWA. This assessment is widely shared by the international community, including the United States. The FDFA will closely monitor the implementation of these laws and continue to coordinate with its partners.

Report: Situation of UNRWA following the adoption of Israeli laws on UNRWA of 28 October 2024 (PDF, 6 Pages, 214.6 kB, German)

Other languages

Rapport succinct – Situation de l’UNRWA après l’adoptions de lois israéliennes sur l’UNRWA le 28 octobre 2024

A draft resolution for a ceasefire in Gaza was vetoed today by a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The resolution was negotiated and put to the vote by Switzerland together with the other nine non-permanent members of the Security Council. Among other things, the resolution would have called for:

• an immediate, unconditional and lasting ceasefire as well as the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages
• immediate access for the civilian population in Gaza to basic services and the facilitation of rapid and unimpeded import of large-scale humanitarian aid to and within the Gaza Strip
• full compliance by all parties with international law, including international humanitarian law, in particular for the protection of the civilians.

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York because it reflects the position of the Federal Council on the current situation in the Middle East. By adopting the draft resolution, the Security Council would have shown its grave concern about the ongoing catastrophic situation in Gaza, the lack of adequate health care and the threat of famine in Gaza. In addition, the Council would have deplored all attacks against civilians and all acts of terrorism. Furthermore, the Council members would have reaffirmed their commitment to the vision of a two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, coexist in peace within secure and recognised borders.

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York and regretted its failure. In its statement after the vote, it recalled that the obligations of all parties under international law remain unchanged regardless of the adoption or non-adoption of resolutions by the Security Council. "The violence and dehumanisation in this conflict must be brought to an end," Switzerland emphasised.

Switzerland's position following the vote, UN Security Council, 20.11.2024 (en, fr)

During the UK's presidency of the Council, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis participated in a UN Security Council meeting on the ongoing situation in the Middle East. “After more than a year of this appalling conflict, it is high time to decisively abandon the path of violence and dehumanisation,” emphasised the head of the FDFA in New York. Hamas continues to hold hostages, famine looms in the Gaza Strip, and regional tensions are escalating. Survivors in Gaza are suffering from hunger, injuries, and disease, as the health system has been nearly destroyed. At the Security Council, Mr Cassis, on behalf of Switzerland, condemned the hostilities of last weekend, during which Israeli fire destroyed a residential building, causing numerous civilian casualties, including many children. He also condemned Hamas's ongoing rocket attacks on Israel.

“Immediate action is needed by all actors involved in the conflict to protect civilians,” said Mr. Cassis. A ceasefire in Gaza and Lebanon, the immediate and unconditional release of hostages, and the rapid, unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid are urgently required. International law, including the UN Charter and international humanitarian law, must be respected by all parties without exception.

The adoption by the Knesset on 28 October 2024 of two laws concerning UNRWA, which are largely incompatible with international law and threaten humanitarian aid in Gaza, was also addressed. In this context, Switzerland reminded Israel at the Security Council of its obligations under international law as an occupying power to ensure that the basic needs of the population in the occupied Palestinian territory are met.

A new dynamic is essential to rediscover a shared sense of humanity and to work toward peace in accordance with international law and the UN Charter. “We know the political solution: It is the two-state solution that offers Israelis and Palestinians the prospect of living in peace and security,” said Cassis. The head of the FDFA expressed Switzerland's support for the efforts of the 94 states (including Switzerland) and organisations that convened in Riyadh at the end of October for the Global Alliance Conference on the Implementation of the Two-State Solution. Concrete proposals are needed to strengthen and reform the Palestinian Authority through legal, political, and economic measures. Switzerland will also participate in the Alliance's follow-up conference in Brussels on 28 November.

The head of the FDFA further stressed that investing in young people is crucial for achieving lasting peace in the Middle East: “I firmly believe that the younger generations are capable of pursuing the path of reconciliation and combating hatred and extremism. It is to these young people that we must be accountable for our actions.”

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 18.11.2024

Switzerland, together with Guyana, has requested an emergency meeting on the humanitarian situation in Gaza in its role as ‘Co-Focal Point for Conflict and Hunger’. Switzerland is deeply concerned about the latest report of the ‘Integrated Food Security Phase Classification’ (IPC), which warns of an imminent famine in the Gaza Strip. According to the IPC, the probability of the worst-case scenario of famine in the Gaza Strip, particularly in the north, is increasing. Under international humanitarian law, all parties to the conflict are obliged to ensure rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access to all civilians in need. As the occupying power, Israel must also ensure, within its means, that the basic needs of the population in the Gaza Strip are met. At the Security Council, Switzerland recalled that the use of starvation as a method of warfare is prohibited by international humanitarian law and constitutes a war crime for which those responsible must be held accountable.

In view of the current situation in the Middle East, a ceasefire is essential. Switzerland also calls for the immediate and unconditional release of hostages. It is constructively engaged in ongoing negotiations for a potential new resolution on the situation in the Gaza Strip.

In New York, Switzerland once again urged all parties to comply with international humanitarian law under all circumstances and to take immediate action to protect the civilian population. It also reiterated that humanitarian personnel must be protected and must not be targeted. In this context, Switzerland stressed to the Security Council the importance of local staff of humanitarian organizations in the Middle East and the central role of UNRWA in providing basic services.

In conclusion, Switzerland called on Council members to take action to end human suffering and restore a political horizon for peace in the Middle East.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 12.11.2024

On 29 October 2024, under the leadership of Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis, the UN Security Council addressed the current situation in the Middle East. Since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October 2023, violence has escalated in Israel, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and East Jerusalem and has now spread to the entire region. Hamas is still holding 97 hostages, hostilities in Gaza continue, countless civilians have been killed and the humanitarian situation of the inhabitants of the Gaza Strip is catastrophic.

Words are no longer enough

The resolutions that the UN Security Council has since adopted with Switzerland's support call for the immediate and unconditional release of the hostages, a ceasefire in Gaza, compliance with international law, the protection of the civilian population and unhindered access for humanitarian aid. ‘None of these resolutions has been implemented. The Geneva Conventions, like international law, are regularly violated by all actors, state and non-state,’ the head of the FDFA emphasised in New York. Appeals to the parties to a conflict to implement Security Council resolutions lose their meaning when all parties fail to fulfil their responsibilities.

Responsibility to protect civilians

In view of this, states must take responsibility for greater humanity in war, a responsibility incumbent on them as signatories to the Geneva Conventions. ‘We need a strong commitment from all the High Contracting Parties,’ Mr Cassis told the Council. In this context, Switzerland, as depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, is preparing to organise a conference of high contracting parties on the implementation of the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in the occupied Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, in Geneva.

The laws adopted yesterday in the Knesset that are aimed at preventing the presence of UNRWA in Israel and its activities in the occupied Palestinian territory are not only largely incompatible with international law, but also threaten the humanitarian aid for the civilian population, which is suffering greatly. Aid that has been provided through UNRWA to date. Switzerland expects Israel to fulfil its obligations under international law, including the UN Charter and international humanitarian law.

A ceasefire and a two-state solution

Humanitarian aid is crucial for civilians in need, but it does not provide a lasting solution to this conflict. ‘It is time to find a way out of this conflict,’ emphasised the Swiss foreign minister. Peace must be achieved through political means. In concrete terms, a short-, medium- and long-term ceasefire agreement can help. Furthermore, Switzerland remains convinced that a negotiated two-state solution is possible to enable the Israeli and Palestinian people to live in peace and security. In this context, Switzerland supports any initiative in this direction. These include the mediation efforts of the United States, Qatar and Egypt for the release of the hostages and a ceasefire in Gaza, as well as the launch of the ‘International Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution’, which will take place in the presence of Switzerland in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh on 30 October 2024. ‘Switzerland calls on all parties to the conflict to participate in good faith in the negotiations and to fulfil their obligations under international law,’ Mr Cassis told the Security Council.

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29 October 2024

On 28 October 2024, the Israeli parliament (Knesset) passed two laws aimed at preventing UNRWA from operating in Israel and from carrying out its activities in the occupied Palestinian territory. Specifically, the laws, which will come into force at the end of January 2025, demand, among other things, the following:

• Termination of the so-called Comay-Michelmore Exchange of Letters of 1967 between Israel and UNRWA, in which Israel (1) recognises that the 1946 UN Convention on Privileges and Immunities governs the legal relationship between Israel and UNRWA and (2) provides general support for UNRWA's activities in the occupied Palestinian territories (OPT).
• Prohibit Israel from cooperating with UNRWA by prohibiting contacts between the Israeli authorities and the agency.
• Consider taking legal action against UNRWA employees (or even revoke the immunity of the organisation and/or its employees).
• Preventing UNRWA from operating and ending its activities in Israeli territory, including East Jerusalem, which is considered occupied under international law.

Switzerland is concerned about the operational, security-related, political and legal implications of the laws against UNRWA, which the Knesset passed on 28 October 2020. Switzerland has expressed its concerns at the multilateral level (including in the UN Security Council) and in its bilateral contacts with Israel. It has also joined other states in corresponding initiatives, including two demarches led by the EU.

These new Israeli laws are for the most part incompatible with Israel's obligations under international law, in particular the UN Charter and international humanitarian law. They also contradict the mandate of the UN General Assembly, which established UNRWA to meet the needs of the Palestinian population until the implementation of the two-state solution and the founding of a Palestinian state.

UNRWA is the largest humanitarian actor in Gaza and provides vital services (e.g. in the health sector) to a population facing immense needs, particularly in the northern Gaza Strip. If UNRWA is forced to cease its work in the occupied Palestinian territory, this will not only jeopardise the provision of humanitarian aid to the civilian population, but will also have an impact on all other humanitarian actors in the region. No other organisation can take over UNRWA's tasks and there is a risk of even greater destabilisation in the Palestinian Territories and beyond (in Lebanon, Jordan and Syria).

Switzerland consistently urges all parties, including Israel, to ensure swift and unrestricted humanitarian access to the occupied Palestinian territories, in line with their obligations under international humanitarian law. This stance is reaffirmed in the Security Council and in Switzerland's bilateral engagements with Israel. Furthermore, Switzerland remains committed to supporting humanitarian operations across the region, including in Gaza and the West Bank, through sustained financial contributions.

Switzerland takes seriously the accusations that some UNRWA employees were suspected of involvement in the terrorist attacks of 7 October 2023. It has taken note of the results of the UN's internal investigation into 19 employees and the measures taken by UNRWA. Switzerland also expects the recommendations of the Colonna report to be fully implemented.

In January 2024, various donor states – including Switzerland – suspended their contributions to UNRWA in response to the Israeli accusations against the agency. Switzerland, like many other states, has since resumed its support for UNRWA. In June, the National Council and Council of States Foreign Affairs Committees approved the Federal Council decision of 8 May to pay a tranche of CHF 10 million to the UN agency. The use of the CHF 10 million by UNRWA is strictly limited to urgent humanitarian needs in Gaza and is used exclusively to finance the UN agency's humanitarian aid appeal. The Federal Council has decided not to make any further payment to UNRWA this year due to the ongoing debates and the austerity measures imposed by parliament. However, the Federal Council's position on UNRWA remains unchanged. It continues to regard the organisation as a key humanitarian actor in the Gaza Strip. The Federal Council will decide at a later date, when the ongoing parliamentary debates have been concluded, on a contribution to UNRWA for the coming years.

The UN Security Council convened today in an emergency session on the Middle East, called by Iran. Switzerland condemns the dangerous escalation of violence in the Middle East of which Israel's air strikes on Iran from Friday night into Saturday as well as Iran's firing of ballistic missiles into Israel earlier this month are part. Switzerland stressed that all hostilities in the region must cease immediately: “A regional war will not benefit any party and will endanger countless lives,” it stated in New York.

In light of this, Switzerland called on all Council members to act within the limits of international law and to uphold international humanitarian law under all circumstances. It also urged the full implementation of Security Council resolutions on the Middle East, including those mandating an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unconditional release of hostages, and safe, unhindered access for humanitarian aid. Switzerland further called for a ceasefire in Lebanon and the implementation of Resolution 1701.

In closing, Switzerland emphasized the urgent need to break the cycle of violence in the Middle East and avert a regional war, urging all parties to de-escalate and engage in dialogue. Switzerland supports all diplomatic efforts to immediately end the violence across the region.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 28.10.2024

"We need an immediate ceasefire in Gaza," Switzerland emphasised today at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council. On the occasion of World Food Day on 16 October, Switzerland recalled in New York that the famine in Gaza threatens the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, especially children. It emphasised that the use of starvation as a method of warfare constitutes a war crime. The people in the Gaza Strip are facing a catastrophic humanitarian situation: schools that have become places of refuge and hospital complexes are being bombed. The almost complete lack of humanitarian aid is also exposing the civilian population to epidemics. These include polio. The humanitarian situation of the hostages still being held by Hamas is also catastrophic.

In this context, Switzerland calls on all parties – including Hamas and other armed groups in the Gaza Strip – to strictly comply with international humanitarian law. Hamas' violations of international law do not suspend Israel's duty to respect international humanitarian law. This includes Israel's urgent need to take effective measures to provide the civilian population in Gaza with basic services and humanitarian aid, as required by the International Court of Justice. This requires Israel to work closely with humanitarian agencies of the United Nations, including WHO, UNICEF and UNRWA, to ensure that they have rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access to carry out their work, including the second phase of the polio vaccination campaign.

At the Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its call for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages and reaffirmed its condemnation of the terrorist acts carried out by Hamas on 7 October 2023.

In the face of the massive escalation of violence in the occupied Palestinian territory and the region, compliance with international humanitarian law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions are indispensable steps on the road to de-escalation and peace. Switzerland therefore supports all efforts towards a negotiated two-state solution, with Israel and Palestine existing within secure and recognised borders.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Gaza, UN Security Council, 16 October 2024

The UN Security Council will meet today in closed consultations to discuss the current situation in Lebanon and the recent attacks on UNIFIL troops. At the request of France, Switzerland, in its role as President of the Council, has scheduled the meeting. Switzerland is alarmed by the escalation of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. It calls for an immediate ceasefire and strict compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties.

In view of the recent attacks by the Israeli armed forces on UNIFIL facilities, Switzerland fully emphasises its support for UNIFIL and its mandate. The peacekeeping mission's task is to monitor the implementation of Resolution 1701 of 2006, which calls for a full cessation of hostilities by Hezbollah and Israel. Lebanon and Israel are responsible for implementing the resolution.

Switzerland condemns all attacks against UNIFIL forces. It calls on the Israeli army to cease attacks against UNIFIL installations and emphasises that Hezbollah is equally obliged to refrain from any action that endangers the security of UNIFIL. In view of its mandate for UNIFIL, the Security Council must assume responsibility for the security of the troops.

At the request of France, the UN Security Council today held an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Lebanon. In New York, Switzerland expressed its grave concern over the escalation of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. Switzerland condemns the attacks by Hezbollah against Israel and its people, as well as all other violations of international law for which this group is responsible. It also condemns all violations of international law by Israel in Lebanon, in particular the air strikes that have caused numerous civilian casualties. In view of this, Switzerland called on all parties to agree to an immediate ceasefire.

‘There is no military solution to this conflict,’ Switzerland stated in the Council. Further escalation fuels hatred on both sides and hinders the search for a peaceful solution. In this context, Switzerland supports all efforts to achieve a diplomatic solution.

The situation for the civilian population in Lebanon continues to deteriorate. The Lebanese healthcare system is on the verge of collapse and more than 600,000 people have already been internally displaced. In New York, Switzerland reiterated that attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure constitute violations of international humanitarian law and war crimes. It called on all parties to comply with international humanitarian law under all circumstances. In order to alleviate the suffering of the people affected, the Federal Council announced on 9 October 2024 its intention to provide additional humanitarian aid of CHF 7 million for the affected population. These funds still have to be approved by the Swiss Foreign Policy Commissions of the National Council and the Council of States.

In conclusion, Switzerland called on all parties to exercise restraint, to strictly adhere to international law and to work urgently towards a de-escalation in Lebanon and the entire region.

Switzerland calls on all parties to guarantee the security of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) troops. It reiterated that UN personnel – as well as humanitarian personnel – must be respected and protected by all parties to the conflict, as stated in Resolution 2730, which the Council adopted at the end of May. In this context, Switzerland condemns the recent attacks by Israeli forces on UNIFIL facilities that have caused casualties.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Lebanon, UN Security Council, 10 October 2024

The UN Security Council, under Switzerland’s presidency, held an emergency meeting to address the humanitarian situation in Gaza. One year after 7 October 2023, Switzerland remains deeply concerned about Hamas’ terrorist acts and the hostage-taking in Israel. In New York, Switzerland once again condemned these acts and reiterated its demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages. At the same time, Switzerland condemned Hamas’ indiscriminate rocket fire at Israel, as seen two days ago.

The massive escalation of violence, particularly following the Israeli military operations in response to the 7 October 2023 attacks, has caused untold suffering for Gaza’s civilian population: Over 41,000 people have lost their lives in the Gaza Strip, and 2.2 million people—the entire population—are living in catastrophic conditions, exposed to constant fighting, hunger, and epidemics without protection. Switzerland called on the Council to end the hostilities and violence in the occupied Palestinian territories, including the West Bank, where numerous civilian casualties continue to mount. In this regard, Switzerland reiterated its appeal for all parties to implement an immediate ceasefire and adhere to the four legally binding Security Council resolutions adopted since 7 October 2023.

As the UN prepares for the second phase of its polio vaccination campaign, and beyond, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access must be ensured across all border crossings and throughout Gaza. Hunger in Gaza is spreading, and the humanitarian aid entering the area is far from sufficient. Switzerland emphasized that using hunger as a method of warfare constitutes a war crime. Additionally, humanitarian workers must be protected, as reaffirmed by Resolution 2730, which Switzerland drafted and the UN Security Council adopted last May. Switzerland calls on all parties to strictly respect international humanitarian law and reminded all states of their duty to enforce it, urging them to use their influence to that end.

Switzerland stressed that respect for international law, including international humanitarian law, is the first step toward resolving disputes and is essential to prevent further regional escalation and limit civilian suffering. For lasting peace in the Middle East, a negotiated two-state solution is needed—two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders. This solution remains the only viable path for Israelis and Palestinians to live together in peace and dignity.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Gaza, UN Security Council, 09.10.2024

At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland expressed its concern at developments in the Middle East and the growing risk of a regional war. It condemned the spiral of violence in recent weeks and called on all parties to cease hostilities. ‘Dialogue is the only way to avoid a regional war. Switzerland supports all efforts to find diplomatic solutions that can lead to an immediate halt to the violence throughout the region’, said Switzerland's Permanent Representative, Pascale Baeriswyl.

Switzerland also reminded all parties of their obligations under international law, and more specifically international humanitarian law. The sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries and the relevant Security Council resolutions for the region must also be respected. Finally, Switzerland renewed its support for the commitment and good offices of the UN, in particular UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) and UNSCOL (Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon). Its staff work in an extremely dangerous environment and play an important role in reducing tensions and ensuring liaison between the parties.

Statement by Switzerland, UN Security Council, 02.10.2024

Against a backdrop of increasing escalation in Lebanon and on both sides of the Blue Line, the situation in Gaza also remains extremely precarious. The Security Council met today to discuss the situation once again at a high-level meeting. Switzerland reiterated its position and priorities, calling for an immediate ceasefire, the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access, the protection of humanitarian personnel and respect for international law, in particular international humanitarian law.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 27.09.2024

An emergency meeting on Lebanon was convened at the request of France at the UN Security Council on Tuesday evening in New York.

Over the last few days, intense Israeli air strikes on Lebanese territory have caused numerous civilian casualties, including around fifty children. At the same time, indiscriminate rocket fire from Hezbollah has caused injury, damage and constant fear among the Israeli population. Tens of thousands of inhabitants of southern Lebanon and the Bekaa are fleeing, and many displaced persons in Israel are still unable to return home. Against this alarming backdrop, Switzerland condemned the strikes that caused civilian casualties and stressed that dialogue and de-escalation are the only means of bringing this conflict to an end. Switzerland also called on Israel and Hezbollah to put an end to hostilities and on all parties to commit to the implementation of Resolution 1701.

In her statement, Ambassador Baeriswyl also called for full respect for international humanitarian law by all parties – in particular the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution in the conduct of hostilities. Taking all possible precautions to protect civilians and humanitarian and medical personnel is an obligation under international humanitarian law.

A further regional conflagration, for which the civilian population would pay the highest price, must be avoided at all costs. Switzerland therefore supports all efforts to find a diplomatic solution.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 25.09.2024

The UN Security Council met today in an emergency session in response to the latest developments in Lebanon. In New York, Switzerland expressed its deep concern regarding the explosions of communication devices over the past few days and condemned the fact that these explosions have also claimed civilian lives. Switzerland emphasised the need to clarify the circumstances and responsibilities.

The consequences of the explosions are alarming. On the one hand, they have caused panic and overwhelmed hospitals, particularly impacting the civilian population. On the other hand, the explosions could further jeopardize stability and security in Lebanon and the broader region. In this context, Switzerland called on all parties in the Security Council to exercise the utmost restraint to avoid a major regional escalation. The protection of civilians on both sides of the Blue Line between Israel and Lebanon is imperative, which is why dialogue, de-escalation, and compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights by all parties must be given the highest priority. "Military escalation is not a solution. It would drag the region into the abyss of a regional war," Switzerland emphasized at the Council.

A ceasefire is urgently needed in Gaza, along with the unconditional release of hostages and swift, unimpeded humanitarian access to alleviate the suffering of civilians and prevent further regional escalation. The ongoing negotiations, led by the United States, Qatar, and Egypt, must be continued with urgency to achieve these objectives.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Lebanon, UN Security Council, 20 September 2024

At today's meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its support for the International Court of Justice and its advisory opinion of 19 July. The illegality of Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory since 1967 is thus beyond doubt. The occupation must end and a political horizon must be restored.

In New York, Switzerland condemned the Israeli government's announcement that it would expand settlements in Palestinian territory, underlining that this would undermine the two-state solution.

Switzerland is convinced that a negotiated two-state solution in accordance with international law is the only way to achieve lasting peace in the region. Switzerland welcomes the fact that the resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 18 September 2024 recognises the need to restart a process towards a two-state solution. Furthermore, the General Assembly's decision mandates Switzerland, in its role as depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, to organise a conference of high contracting parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention within six months. The conference will address the arrangements that need to be made to implement the Fourth Geneva Convention in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and to ensure that it is respected in accordance with the Common Article 1.

In the Security Council, Switzerland also reiterated its grave concern regarding the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza and stated that the successful completion of the first phase of the UN polio vaccination campaign shows that large-scale humanitarian operations in Gaza can be carried out with the necessary political will of the parties to the conflict. However, the successful completion of this first phase is not enough. The parties must respect their obligations under international law and allow safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to the civilian population. This includes the hostages, whose immediate and unconditional release Switzerland is calling for. Furthermore, an immediate ceasefire is urgently needed. In this context, Switzerland supports the mediation efforts of the United States, Qatar and Egypt to reach an agreement as quickly as possible.

A ceasefire in Gaza is also essential to avoid further escalation in the region. Switzerland expressed its grave concern over the explosions in Lebanon on 17 and 18 September and the reports of numerous civilian casualties. It called on the parties to exercise the utmost restraint and to work for an immediate de-escalation.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 19 September 2024

On 19 July 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague published an advisory opinion assessing the legal consequences of Israeli policies and practices in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). In its advisory opinion, the ICJ concluded that Israel's presence in the oPt is unlawful. According to the advisory opinion, Israel's measures and practices violate international humanitarian law, human rights law and general international law. On 18 September 2024, Palestine – a observer state of the UN – submitted a resolution to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) for a vote, which takes up large parts of the legal opinion and calls for specific measures to implement it. The resolution was adopted. Switzerland abstained from voting in New York.

The ICJ opinion reflects the rules and obligations of the parties to the conflict, including applicable international humanitarian law. Switzerland contributed to the ICJ opinion of 19 July and supports it. The illegality of the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory since 1967 is beyond doubt. It must end and a political horizon be restored.

However, Switzerland has noted that some points of the resolution adopted on 18 September clearly go beyond the ICJ's legal opinion. This concerns in particular the 12-month deadline for Israel's withdrawal from the occupied Palestinian territory, without mentioning how Israel's security is to be guaranteed, as well as a point relating to sanctions. This 12-month time limit is too short in view of the ongoing fighting in Gaza and the current escalating situation in the West Bank. It cannot be derived from the ICJ opinion. This finding was the reason for Switzerland's abstention, which is also reflected in its statement after the vote.

The abstention in no way affects Switzerland's commitment to the observance and enforcement of international humanitarian law in the entire occupied Palestinian territory in accordance with the Geneva Conventions. The UN General Assembly mandates Switzerland, as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, to organise a conference within six months after the adoption of the resolution. The conference should focus on measures to protect the civilian population in the oPt.

Switzerland's abstention does not call into question its support for the ICJ and the principles underlying the Swiss position on the Middle East. It strongly supports a negotiated and rights-based two-state solution. Two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living within recognised and secure borders, are the basis for peace and stability in the region. The observance of international law by all parties, including international humanitarian law and human rights, is a priority. This includes an end to both the violence of settlers and terrorist acts such as that of 7 October, as well as the protection of the civilian population. In Gaza, an immediate ceasefire, the unconditional release of all hostages and an increase in humanitarian aid are essential. At the same time, it is imperative to restore a political horizon in order to tackle the reconstruction of Gaza and to start negotiations towards a two-state solution.

Switzerland's statement after the vote

At an emergency meeting following the execution of six hostages by Hamas last weekend, Switzerland expressed its deep shock at this act in the UN Security Council. It once again condemned in the strongest terms the acts of terrorism and hostage-taking by Hamas and other armed groups since 7 October. The taking of hostages and their execution are war crimes. In New York, Switzerland demanded the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages. In addition, both the hostages and the people held by Israel in connection with the conflict must receive immediate medical assistance.

The humanitarian situation in Gaza remains catastrophic. Switzerland recalled that civilians and civilian infrastructure are protected and condemned all attacks on any civilians. Humanitarian personnel must be protected in order to help the suffering civilian population, in particular for the continued implementation of the UN immunisation campaign to protect 640,000 children in Gaza from polio. On the Council, Switzerland welcomed the fact that the first phase of the immunisation campaign is proceeding without major incidents and called on the parties to continue to facilitate this campaign. 

Switzerland emphasised once again that a ceasefire in Gaza is crucial. Against this backdrop, it supports the mediation efforts of the USA, Qatar and Egypt to reach a consensus on a corresponding agreement. This would also contribute to regional de-escalation. 

Compliance with international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, by all parties is urgently needed. This also applies to the West Bank, where an increase in violence can be observed, including settler violence and in the context of operations by the Israeli security forces. Switzerland emphasised in the Security Council that Israel must take particular account of the criteria of necessity and proportionality in the use of force and respect the rights to life and security of every individual. In New York, Switzerland also recalled that Israel, as the occupying power, is responsible for maintaining law and order in the West Bank and must ensure the protection and well-being of the population.

Compliance with international law by all parties is the first step on the road to peace in the Middle East, which must lead to a negotiated two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 04.09.2024

While the humanitarian situation for the civilian population in Gaza is deteriorating daily, the precarious security situation does not allow humanitarian personnel and UN staff to do their work. For this reason, the UN Security Council met today in an emergency session, which was requested by Switzerland together with the United Kingdom.

Against the background of an imminent polio epidemic in the Gaza Strip, some 640,000 children under the age of ten are to be immunized. In order to carry out this immunization campaign, the UN and its partners require safe and unimpeded humanitarian access throughout Gaza. This is not currently guaranteed, and the current conditions of insecurity, ongoing fighting and evacuation orders are making UN operations extremely difficult. It is imperative that the vaccination campaign be carried out in complete safety for humanitarian workers and the civilian population," Switzerland emphasized at the emergency meeting. Switzerland is supporting the polio vaccination campaign with CHF 1 million, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis announced last Monday in Geneva.

In New York, Switzerland reiterated the urgency of an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the release of the hostages. In this context, it also reiterated its support for the mediation by Egypt, Qatar and the US. It also reiterated its call for all parties to respect international humanitarian law and human rights in all circumstances. This also applies to armed groups such as Hamas.

In the Security Council, Switzerland also expressed its deep concern about the situation in the West Bank. “We are witnessing a sharp increase in Israeli operations," Switzerland said. Against this background, it reminded Israel of its obligations under international law. Among other things, the use of force must meet the criteria of necessity and proportionality, and the right to life and security of every individual must be guaranteed.

Finally, Switzerland emphasized that respect for international law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions is also an indispensable prerequisite for de-escalation and a first step towards a lasting peace based on a negotiated two-state solution in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace and security within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29.08.2024

Switzerland is deeply concerned about the escalating violence in the Middle East, particularly along the Blue Line today. It calls on all parties to de-escalate and refrain from further escalation. Dialogue and the protection of the civilian population must be prioritized. Furthermore, it is crucial that the parties involved participate constructively in the ongoing negotiations for an immediate ceasefire for Gaza.

The UN Security Council today addressed the situation in the Middle East. The humanitarian situation in Gaza, and in particular the risk of a polio epidemic, was at the centre of discussion after first cases became known and the WHO found traces of polio in sewage. Polio mainly affects children under the age of five. The disease attacks the nervous system and can lead to complete paralysis within a few hours. There is no treatment, prevention is the only solution. The destruction of the infrastructure, the lack of clean water and sanitary facilities and the insufficient access to healthcare increase the risk of the disease spreading on a large scale in Gaza. According to UNICEF figures, 640,000 children under the age of ten are at risk of polio in the Gaza Strip. ‘The United Nations and its partners have been advocating for months for safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access and are ready to take measures to prevent and contain polio,’ emphasised Switzerland in the Security Council. The UN is planning to carry out a polio vaccination campaign in the Gaza Strip. Switzerland stated in the Security Council that it welcomes this campaign and is examining the possibility of providing financial support.

A ceasefire agreement, as called for by the Security Council in its Resolution 2735 of 10 June 2024, must be concluded as soon as possible. Switzerland therefore welcomes the mediation efforts of Qatar, Egypt and the United States and calls on the parties to participate constructively in these negotiations. In New York, Switzerland recalled that regardless of the outcome of these negotiations, international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties to the conflict and all hostages still being held must be released immediately and unconditionally.

In New York, Switzerland also emphasised the continuing risk of a major regional escalation. In this context, it also condemned the ongoing violence by settlers in the West Bank against the Palestinian civilian population. Furthermore, Switzerland reiterated in the Council its urgent call for de-escalation, to which an immediate ceasefire in Gaza can also contribute. Switzerland also reiterated its support for the two-state solution as the foundation for peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 22.08.2024

The UN Security Council met in emergency session following the Israeli strike on the al Tabeen school in Gaza last Saturday. "In Gaza today, schools are often the last resort for finding food, water or shelter. But even these schools, which have become makeshift shelters, often offer no refuge to civilians," Switzerland said in New York.

Switzerland condemns all violations of international humanitarian law. It also condemns the fact that hostilities in Gaza continue to cause numerous civilian casualties, such as the attack on the school last Saturday. According to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, at least 93 people were killed in this attack.

International humanitarian law prohibits – including armed groups such as Hamas – from using civilians to protect a military objective from attack. Even when this rule is violated, this in no way suspends Israel's obligation to comply strictly with international humanitarian law in the conduct of hostilities. This includes the principles of distinction, precaution and proportionality. "75 years ago, yesterday, the Geneva Conventions came into being. By adopting these Conventions, the member states committed themselves to preserving humanity, even in times of war," emphasised Switzerland in the Security Council and underlined that international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties to the conflict in the Middle East.

The humanitarian situation for the civilian population in Gaza remains intolerable: there is a risk of the spread of disease - as demonstrated by the resurgence of polio - and people are starving. Switzerland reminded the Council that the use of starvation as a method of warfare against the civilian population constitutes a war crime. In this context, it reiterated that the statements made by the Israeli Finance Minister last week were unacceptable and called for the immediate unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to the civilian population throughout the Gaza Strip.

Switzerland reiterated its call for the release of all hostages and urged the parties to participate constructively in the ceasefire talks led by the United States, Qatar and Egypt. A ceasefire in Gaza is crucial for regional de-escalation in the face of the threat of a major escalation in the entire Middle East region. Finally, Switzerland reiterated the need to restore a political horizon based on the two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 13.08.2024

Switzerland is alarmed by the high death toll reported after an Israeli strike on a school used as a shelter in Gaza. International humanitarian law protects the civilian population and civilian infrastructure in conflict zones.

The deliberate starvation of civilians is prohibited under international humanitarian law and is considered a war crime. The FDFA has responded to unacceptable statements made by Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich last Monday.

In a telephone conversation with Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri Kani, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis expressed his concern about the high risks of escalation in the Middle East.

Mr. Cassis reiterated Switzerland's commitment to restraint, moderation, and the pursuit of a diplomatic path to reduce tensions.

Switzerland is extremely concerned about the situation in the Middle East and the attacks that have taken place in recent days. It calls on all actors to exercise the utmost restraint and to follow the diplomatic path in order to reduce tensions in the region. De-escalation and dialogue are urgently needed to prevent a regional war and to find solutions for peace. The FDFA is monitoring the situation and is working closely with Swiss missions in the region, in particular in Beirut, Tehran, Tel Aviv and Ramallah, on various scenarios in the event of further escalation in the region.

In view of the tense and extremely volatile situation in the Middle East, Swiss citizens traveling to the countries concerned are reminded to follow the FDFA's security recommendations:

Lebanon: Armed clashes between Israel and Hezbollah and other armed groups are taking place daily on Lebanon's southern border. Targeted air strikes are being carried out in large parts of Lebanon, which may also result in casualties. The security situation could deteriorate significantly at any time. As of June 25, the FDFA generally advises against travel to Lebanon and recommends that Swiss citizens residing in Lebanon leave the country by their own means if it appears possible and safe to do so. The FDFA does not organize the departure of Swiss nationals. The decision to leave the country is an individual one.

FDFA travel advice for Lebanon

Iran: The risk of conflict escalation in the Middle East has continued to increase, including in Iran. A significant deterioration in the security situation throughout the country is possible at any time. In the event of airstrikes, innocent bystanders could be harmed. Since August 2, 2002, the FDFA has generally advised against traveling to Iran.

FDFA travel advice for Iran

Israel: As of October 2023, the FDFA advises against tourist and non-emergency travel to Israel. Armed hostilities in the Gaza Strip and indiscriminate rocket attacks from Gaza and Lebanon into Israeli territory continue. In addition, there are high tensions in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, which could suddenly escalate.

FDFA travel advice for Israel

Occupied Palestinian territory: Against the background of armed clashes in the Gaza Strip, the development of the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory remains uncertain and a further deterioration of the security situation cannot be ruled out. The FDFA generally advises against travel to the occupied Palestinian territory.

FDFA travel advice for the occupied Palestinian territory

The decision to leave a crisis region is made voluntarily and at the traveler's own risk and expense. Swiss citizens who remain in or travel to Lebanon, Israel, the occupied Palestinian territory and Iran contrary to the recommendations of the Federal Government must be aware that if the security situation deteriorates further, Switzerland may be able to provide only limited or no services and only limited assistance in emergencies.

During an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council today, Switzerland expressed its grave concern about the recent escalation in the Middle East. "We reject this spiral of violence and emphatically call for a return to diplomacy," said Switzerland in New York. It called on all actors, and those who have influence over them, to exercise the utmost restraint and to choose the path of diplomacy to reduce tensions and seek solutions in accordance with international law. "There is no military solution to this conflict. Dialogue and de-escalation are the only means to avoid plunging into the abyss of a regional war and to find the path to peace again," Switzerland emphasized.

Switzerland demands respect for international law, including the UN Charter. All UN resolutions must be implemented.

Switzerland also called on all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law and to protect the civilian population. Furthermore, it reiterated its call for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the release of all hostages, stating that these measures would also help calm the situation in the region. "Negotiations must continue as a matter of urgency," Switzerland emphasized.

Statement by Switzerland on the Situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 31.07.2024

Switzerland is deeply concerned about the high risk of a major escalation in the region. It calls on all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to work urgently towards de-escalation. Switzerland is ready to support all efforts to this end.

The UN Security Council met today to discuss the humanitarian situation in Gaza, in the presence of UNRWA Deputy Commissioner-General Antonia Marie De Meo. Switzerland expressed its gratitude for the important humanitarian work carried out by the UN, including UNRWA, in a particularly difficult context.

In a situation where men, women and children are living in unacceptable conditions, Switzerland reiterated its call for strict compliance with international humanitarian law and an immediate ceasefire in Gaza - demanded by Security Council resolutions - as well as the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

Switzerland has strongly condemned all violations of international humanitarian law, including indiscriminate attacks and violence against civilians, non-combatants and civilian objects, as well as human rights violations. In addition, humanitarian aid must be able to enter Gaza through all crossing points and be distributed throughout the Strip in a safe, rapid and unhindered manner.

These elements are only the first steps towards a political solution of the conflict, which must be based on the two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland, UN Security Council, 26.07.2024

The UN Security Council today held an open debate on the situation in the Middle East. In New York, Switzerland continued to express its alarm at the situation in the entire occupied Palestinian territory and on both sides of the Blue Line between Israel and Lebanon. The civilian population is paying the highest price for the violations of international law committed by all sides and the lack of implementation of the relevant four Security Council resolutions. ‘We must step up our efforts to break the spiral of violence and return to the foundations of humanity that have been trampled on for far too long in this conflict,’ emphasised Switzerland's MENA Special Envoy in New York.

Against this backdrop, an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, as called for in the Security Council resolutions, is essential. In addition, all parties must respect international law, in particular international humanitarian law and human rights. Accordingly, the civilian population and civilian objects such as homes, schools and hospitals must not be attacked. Humanitarian aid must also be able to reach Gaza via all border crossings and be distributed safely, quickly and unhindered throughout the Gaza Strip. Switzerland also called for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.

The Swiss special envoy emphasised in the Security Council that international law must also be respected in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. This also applies with regard to Israel's settlement policy. Accordingly, Switzerland recalled that settlements are illegal under international law and expressed concern about the latest Israeli announcements to build new settlement units, among other things.

Only a political solution can lead to lasting peace. This should be based on the two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, exist side by side within secure and recognised borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 17 July 2024

Swiss commitment to stability in the Middle East

Switzerland works bilaterally, multilaterally and through its international cooperation to promote peace and stability in the Middle East, including finding a solution to the Middle East conflict. The MENA Strategy 21-24 of the Federal Council is the compass for mitigating the impact of the Syrian crisis and the Middle East conflict on societies in the region. The focus lies on the themes ‘peace, security and human rights’, ‘migration and protection’ and ‘sustainable development’.

UN Security Council: The humanitarian situation in Gaza is deteriorating rapidly

The dramatic humanitarian situation in Gaza was the focus of a briefing to the UN Security Council today by Under-Secretary-General Sigrid Kaag, who was appointed UN Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza by the Council last December.

Switzerland expressed its deep concern about the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, which continues to cause numerous civilian casualties, and about the humanitarian situation in Gaza. According to the latest independent figures, 95 per cent of the population in the Gaza Strip is facing acute food insecurity. The risk of famine will remain as long as the conflict continues and humanitarian aid is obstructed.

The obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights law must be strictly respected by all parties. These oblige the parties to allow humanitarian access to civilians in need and prohibit the use of starvation as a method of war. The civilian population must have access to essential goods and services such as clean water, food and electricity. The aid arriving in Gaza is far from sufficient given the immense needs. “This must change urgently," emphasised Switzerland in its statement to the Security Council. It appealed for sufficient aid to reach those in need and called on the parties to the conflict in particular to act accordingly.

In New York, Switzerland reiterated the urgency of an immediate ceasefire and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. It also emphasised the need to restore a political horizon. Switzerland reiterated its full support for the two-state solution, which is the only basis that can offer the people in the region a life in peace, security and dignity.

Statement by Switzerland on the humanitarian situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 02.07.2024

At its meeting on June 26, 2024, the Federal Council was informed of the outcome of the consultation of the Foreign Affairs Committees of the National Council and the Council of States (FAC) regarding the disbursement of Switzerland's contribution to UNRWA. Both committees approved the Federal Council's decision of May 8, 2024 to disburse CHF 10 million to the UN relief organization. This contribution will therefore be transferred to UNRWA in the coming weeks. This contribution supplements the aid payments of CHF 56.2 million approved by the Federal Council on April 24, 2024 for the humanitarian needs of countries in the Middle East.

UNRWA's use of the CHF 10 million is strictly limited to urgent humanitarian needs in Gaza and will be used exclusively to fund the UN agency's humanitarian assistance program. Shelter, food, drinking water and emergency medical care will be provided. However, the decision also means that Swiss funds may not be used to cover UNRWA's general operating and administrative costs.

In light of the escalation of violence in the Middle East since October 7, Parliament decided in December 2023 that humanitarian disbursements for the Middle East can only be made in tranches and only after consultation with the two APKs.

The Federal Council consulted its decision of 8 May with the two APCs. On June 13, the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council followed (de) the Federal Council's decision. On June 21, the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Council of States (de) also approved the payment. The FAC's decision was driven by the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza and the view that UNRWA is the only organization with the logistical capacity to alleviate the suffering of the civilian population in Gaza. It is by far the largest humanitarian actor in Gaza. It provides basic supplies, shelter and assistance to more than two million people. In the current situation, it would be difficult for any other organization or agency to fully assume its responsibilities.

Switzerland calls for implementation of Security Council resolutions

Today, the UN Security Council once again addressed the situation in the Middle East. In its statement, Switzerland emphasised that compliance with international law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions is urgent.

Resolution 2334, which the Council adopted in December 2016, reaffirms that Israel's settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory constitute a violation of international law and an obstacle to the realisation of the two-state solution. In New York, Switzerland criticised the fact that attacks, threats and intimidation by Israeli settlers against the Palestinian population in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, continue with minimal impunity. It condemns these attacks, calls for an immediate cessation and recalls Israel's obligations under international law as an occupying power, including the obligation to protect the civilian population.

At today's meeting, Switzerland stated that humanitarian personnel, infrastructure and goods must be respected and protected, including the premises of UNRWA and the ICRC. With the adoption of the resolution on the protection of humanitarian personnel, which Switzerland submitted to the Security Council to vote on 24 May 2024, the Council reaffirmed the responsibility of states and parties to conflict to respect and protect the civilian population, including humanitarian personnel, in all conflicts worldwide.

Two weeks ago, the Security Council adopted Resolution 2735, which calls on all parties to immediately and unconditionally implement the three-phase plan presented by the US government, which is intended to lead to a permanent ceasefire in Gaza. When the resolution was adopted on 10 June, Switzerland stressed that this plan currently represents the best chance for a way out of the conflict, which has claimed tens of thousands of victims since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October last year, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms.

Accordingly, Switzerland reiterated its call for an immediate ceasefire, the rapid and unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

It also reiterated the importance of the two-state solution, which is the only basis for peace and stability in the region.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council. 25.06.2024

UN Security Council calls for the implementation of US President Biden's three-phase plan

With the adoption of the resolution penned by the US, the UN Security Council calls on Israel and Hamas to reach an agreement on the three-phase plan presented by US President Joe Biden and to implement it fully, immediately and unconditionally. The resolution sets out the phases of the plan as follows:

• Phase 1: an immediate, full, and complete ceasefire with the release of hostages including women, the elderly and the wounded, the return of the remains of some hostages who have been killed, the exchange of Palestinian prisoners, withdrawal of Israeli forces from the populated areas in Gaza, the return of Palestinian civilians to their homes and neighborhoods in all areas of Gaza, including in the north, as well as the safe and effective distribution of humanitarian assistance at scale throughout the Gaza Strip to all Palestinian civilians who need it, including housing units delivered by the international community;
• Phase 2: upon agreement of the parties, a permanent end to hostilities, in exchange for the release of all other hostages still in Gaza, and a full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza; and
• Phase 3: the start of a major multi-year reconstruction plan for Gaza and the return of the remains of any deceased hostages still in Gaza to their families.

On this basis, the parties to the conflict, with the support of UN member states, should achieve a lasting end to hostilities. The adopted resolution once again underlines the Council's commitment to the two-state solution, in which Israel and Palestine exist side by side within secure and recognised borders. In this context, the resolution also emphasises the importance of the unification of the Gaza Strip with the West Bank under the administration of the Palestinian Authority.

Switzerland supported the resolution in the Security Council. After eight months of war since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October - which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms - the restoration of a political horizon in the Middle East is urgent. In its statement after the vote, Switzerland emphasised that the plan presented by the USA is currently the option with the best chance of finding a way out of the violence in the Middle East. Switzerland therefore expects Hamas and Israel to reach an immediate and unconditional agreement and implement the plan. It also underlined that the parties must fully comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, as required by the UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 7 October.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 10.06.2024

US three-phase plan for lasting peace in the Middle East

Switzerland supports US President Joe Biden's three-phase plan, which provides for an immediate ceasefire, the release of all hostages in Gaza and access for humanitarian aid. This should pave the way for a permanent end to hostilities.

There is an urgent need to re-establish a political horizon based on the two-state solution.

UN Security Council: Switzerland condemns rocket fire on Israel and attacks on Rafah

The UN Security Council today once again discussed the situation in the Middle East. Switzerland is extremely concerned about the spiral of violence which reached a new level last weekend.

Switzerland strongly condemns the Israeli attack on a camp for displaced persons in Rafah on 26 May. According to the UN, this attack resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The population of Gaza is in dire need of protection, having already been displaced, facing the threat of famine and continuing to suffer from the hostilities. Switzerland also strongly condemns the continued and indiscriminate rocket attacks by Hamas on Israel, as was the case on 26 May. Such attacks are a violation of international humanitarian law. It has underlined this in the Security Council.

In this context, Switzerland recalled in New York that all parties must comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law. They must observe the principle of distinction without exception and take precautionary measures to protect the civilian population and prevent damage to civilian objects. Switzerland reiterated to the Council its call for an immediate ceasefire, safe and unhindered humanitarian access and the immediate and unconditional release of hostages.

Switzerland also addressed the Security Council on the situation in the West Bank. It condemned the violence perpetrated by Israeli settlers, including repeated attacks on UN facilities in East Jerusalem and on humanitarian aid convoys.

Respect for international humanitarian law by all parties, as well as the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions and the preventive measures of the International Court of Justice, are prerequisites for de-escalation. Switzerland remains firmly convinced that only a negotiated two-state solution, in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, is the basis for lasting peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29.05.2024

Middle East: Switzerland calls for immediate ceasefire and implementation of UN Security Council resolutions

The UN Security Council today addressed the humanitarian situation and the plight of civilians in the Middle East. Scores of civilians continue to be killed and injured in the Gaza Strip as a result of the ongoing hostilities. Hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced. Against this background, Switzerland has called in the Security Council for an immediate ceasefire and an end to the ongoing military operation in Rafah. The consequences of this operation for the civilian population in Rafah, which has been suffering from bombardments, repeated displacement and hunger for more than seven months, are unacceptable. What the population needs today is support, not more suffering," emphasized Switzerland's UN Ambassador Pascale Baeriswyl in New York.

In its statement, Switzerland referred to the numerous resolutions adopted by the Security Council to condemn and stop attacks on civilians, hostage-taking and acts of terrorism. The terrorist acts by Hamas and the hostage-taking of October 7, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms, violate all these resolutions. Switzerland continues to call for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

In the Council, Switzerland welcomed the fact that the possibility of delivering humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip by sea has been created. At the same time, it pointed out that the humanitarian aid currently reaching Gaza was far from sufficient. It called on all parties to fulfil their obligations to ensure humanitarian access throughout the Gaza Strip. It is also essential that the parties ensure the protection of humanitarian personnel so that they can fully carry out their tasks.

In view of the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in the Middle East, Switzerland called for the immediate implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions. These resolutions are binding under international law and oblige all parties to respect international humanitarian law and human rights. Switzerland also reiterated its support for a negotiated two-state solution in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders. Such a solution is the only way to achieve lasting peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 20.05.2024

UN General Assembly: Vote on upgrading the status of Palestine in the UN

On May 10, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution upgrading Palestine's observer state status and recommending that the UN Security Council give renewed favorable consideration to Palestine's application for full UN membership. Palestine has had observer state status at the UN since 2012. Today's decision by the General Assembly gives Palestine additional rights as an observer state. Among other things, Palestine will be able to speak on behalf of groups of states in the UN General Assembly and will be given the same speaking order in debates as full UN members. Today's decision cannot be equated with full UN membership. Palestine still does not have a vote in the UN.

Switzerland has abstained from voting today, in line with its voting behaviour on 18 April 2024 in the UN Security Council on Palestine's full UN membership. Full membership must be recommended by the UN Security Council. This was prevented for Palestine on 18 April by a US veto in the Security Council.

At the time, the Federal Council was of the opinion that, in view of the great instability and insecurity in the region, this step would not be conducive to easing the situation on the ground in terms of peace policy. Without opposing it, Switzerland still considers it preferable to consider a change in the status of Palestine in the UN at a time when this would be consistent with the logic of an emerging peace.

Switzerland's abstention today at the UN General Assembly is based on the assessment that the resolution adopted today contains too many elements that prejudge the outcome of a possible review of Palestine's full membership by the UN Security Council. According to the UN Charter, a recommendation by the Security Council to admit a state as a full member of the UN is a prerequisite for a decision by the UN General Assembly.

Switzerland's abstention does not alter its firm support for a two-state solution. It is convinced that only a negotiated solution in which two states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side in peace and security can lead to lasting peace in the Middle East. Furthermore, Switzerland continues to call for an immediate ceasefire, safe and unhindered access for emergency aid to Gaza, respect for international humanitarian law and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN General Assembly, 10.05.2024

The Federal Council intends to release CHF 10 million for emergency aid in Gaza

At its meeting on 8 May 2024, the Federal Council decided to make a contribution of CHF 10 million to the humanitarian aid appeal of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The CHF 10 million contribution is exclusively earmarked for Gaza and will be used to provide the urgent assistance specified in the UNRWA Flash Appeal for the occupied Palestinian territory covering the period April–December 2024. In its overall assessment, the Federal Council drew on the analysis of the Colonna report and coordination with other donors. The Federal Council will submit this decision to the foreign affairs committees of the National Council and Council of States for consultation. 

In Gaza, 2.3 million people, including 1.7 million internally displaced persons, are dependent on emergency aid. The United Nations is warning of an imminent famine. In its latest emergency aid appeal for Gaza, published on 24 April 2024, UNRWA is seeking around CHF 1 billion. The Federal Council is fully aware of the critical nature of this situation and recognises the urgent need for action. Switzerland's CHF 10 million contribution to UNRWA will be restricted to Gaza and will cover the most pressing basic needs, such as food, water, shelter, basic healthcare and logistics.

As decided by Parliament in December 2023, this contribution will be submitted to the foreign affairs committees for consultation. This comes on top of the CHF 56.2 million package to address the humanitarian needs of Middle Eastern countries which the Federal Council approved on 24 April 2024 and has already submitted to the foreign affairs committees. Future financial support for the Middle East will be decided in the second half of 2024.

The decision of the Federal Council also takes into account the conclusions of the report by the independent review group led by former French Minister for Foreign Affairs Catherine Colonna. This report, mandated by the UN Secretary-General and published on 22 April 2024, aimed to examine the neutrality of UNRWA. The report notes that UNRWA has a robust monitoring system in place. However, it also makes 50 recommendations to further enhance the organisation's neutrality, particularly in how it communicates, develops educational materials and uses its infrastructure. 

In January 2024, several donor states suspended their contributions to UNRWA following allegations against the organisation. Many donors have since restored funding. 

The Federal Council reiterates its call for a humanitarian ceasefire, unhindered access for emergency aid to Gaza, compliance with international humanitarian law, and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

Exchange between Federal Councillor Cassis and Qatari State Minister Al-Khulaifi on the situation in the Middle East

Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis today received the Minister of State of Qatar, Dr Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Al-Khulaifi, for a bilateral meeting in Bern. The talks focussed on the concerns of both states regarding the situation in the Middle East.

Against this background, Mr Cassis and Mr Al-Khulaifi spoke about their joint efforts to prevent a major regional escalation of the conflict, to advance peace in the Middle East and to support the two-state solution. Switzerland values Qatar's role in negotiating a ceasefire in Gaza and facilitating the release of all remaining hostages.

Palestine's application for full membership of the United Nations

Palestine's application for full UN membership will not be submitted to the UN General Assembly due to the veto by the United States on 18 April in the UN Security Council. Switzerland abstained from the vote. After assessing the situation and consulting with the chairs of the parliamentary foreign affairs committees, the Federal Council concluded that granting Palestine full UN membership at this time would not be conducive to easing the situation and peace efforts in the Middle East. Switzerland remains committed to the two-state solution.

Palestine has had observer state status at the United Nations since 2012. It reactivated its previously inconclusive 2011 application for full UN membership on 2 April 2024. Full UN membership is decided by the UN General Assembly in accordance with the UN Charter. The UN Security Council must make a positive recommendation for admission before the General Assembly can vote on a membership application. Since the United States vetoed the recommendation for Palestine's membership, the application will not proceed to a vote in the General Assembly.

In view of the current highly unstable situation in the Middle East and from an overall peace policy perspective, Switzerland believes that admitting Palestine as a full UN member is not advisable at this time. The Federal Council therefore decided that Switzerland would abstain from the vote on the Palestinian application in the UN Security Council. Before making this decision, the Federal Council conducted a thorough assessment of the overall geopolitical situation and consulted with the chairs of the foreign affairs committees of both the National Council and the Council of States, as required by Article 152 paragraph 4 of the Parliament Act. Switzerland considers that it would be better to proceed with Palestine's accession to the United Nations as a full member at a time when such a step would fit in with the logic of an emerging peace.

Switzerland remains committed to the two-state solution. The Federal Council, as outlined in the MENA Strategy 2021–24, firmly believes that lasting peace in the Middle East can only be achieved through a negotiated two-state solution that adheres to international law and internationally agreed parameters.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 18.04.2024

Press release: Palestine's application for full membership of the United Nations, 18.04.2024

News platform: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

Two-state solution is the basis for lasting peace

The UN Security Council held a ministerial debate on the current situation in the Middle East. In view of recent developments and the escalating spiral of violence, Switzerland emphasized in its statement the urgent need for de-escalation and respect for international law. "Respect for the UN Charter, international humanitarian law and human rights must be a guiding principle for all parties to the conflict," Switzerland's UN Ambassador told the Security Council.

Since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on October 7, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms, the Security Council has adopted three resolutions that have not been implemented. In New York today, Switzerland called for their immediate implementation. "The ceasefire called for in the resolution of March 25 has not been respected, not all hostages have been released and numerous civilians are becoming victims of the hostilities every day," recalled the Swiss ambassador to the UN.

The already dramatic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip is deteriorating rapidly and famine is imminent. Humanitarian aid must be channeled unhindered through all possible border crossings and distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, including the north. Switzerland also reiterated its demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.

At the same time, it is important not to lose sight of the situation in the West Bank. Violence there has reached record levels, including settler violence, which Switzerland condemns.

In New York, Switzerland called on all parties for strict compliance with international humanitarian law. It remains convinced that the basis for lasting peace in the Middle East is a two-state solution. Only this solution, negotiated by both sides in accordance with international law, can lead to a lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. "Switzerland is ready to contribute constructively to such a solution," emphasized the Swiss ambassador in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 18.04.2024

UN Security Council: Emergency meeting on the threat of famine and attacks on humanitarian personnel

In an emergency meeting today, the UN Security Council addressed the catastrophic food security situation in the Gaza Strip and attacks on humanitarian personnel. The meeting was requested by Switzerland, among others. Despite the adoption of the resolution of 25 March 2024, which calls for an immediate ceasefire, the fighting continues. The resulting lack of access to food and inadequate water supplies are catastrophic for the civilian population. According to UNICEF, nowhere else in the world is child malnutrition as precarious as in the Gaza Strip.

Only humanitarian aid could provide a remedy. However, widespread insecurity and restrictions on movement are forcing humanitarian organisations to stop their work. "The Gaza Strip has become the most dangerous place for humanitarian workers," emphasised Swiss Ambassador Adrian Hauri, Chargé d'affaires at the UN Security Council. In New York, Switzerland expressed its respect for all humanitarian aid workers who risk their lives every day in the Middle East. "Our thoughts today are with the organisations and families of the two hundred or so humanitarian workers who have been killed in Gaza since 7 October. Attacks on humanitarian workers are a violation of international humanitarian law and must stop immediately," said Adrian Hauri.

Switzerland reminded the Council of the International Court of Justice's call for Israel to work closely with the UN to ensure the provision of urgently needed basic supplies and humanitarian aid by all parties involved. In view of this, Switzerland once again appealed to the parties to strictly observe international law, in particular international humanitarian law and human rights law. Switzerland emphatically called for the implementation of all Middle East resolutions adopted by the Security Council since the escalation of violence last October. "An immediate ceasefire is the only way to ensure that no more civilian lives are lost," emphasised the Swiss ambassador. In addition, all hostages still being held in Gaza must be released immediately and unconditionally.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 05.04.2024

Air strike against the Iranian consulate in Damascus

Switzerland condemns the airstrike against the Iranian consulate in the Syrian capital Damascus, which killed and injured several people. This airstrike considerably increases the risk of a major escalation in the region. The spiral of escalation must stop immediately. Switzerland calls on all parties to engage in dialogue and exercise the utmost restraint in order to prevent the situation from escalating further and to find a solution. Switzerland also emphasised this today at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on the airstrike against the Iranian consulate in Damascus, UN Security Council, 02.04.2024

UN Security Council calls for immediate ceasefire

On 25 March, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution on the situation in the Middle East. The Council calls for an immediate ceasefire for the remainder of Ramadan, which should lead to a lasting sustainable ceasefire. The resolution was submitted to the Security Council for a vote by Switzerland together with the nine other non-permanent Council members as co-penholders.

After several vetoes, the UN Security Council today adopted, for the first time since 7 October, a resolution clearly calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Middle East. Switzerland, which played a key role in finding a solution between the Council members during the negotiations, welcomes this adoption. In view of the dramatic consequences of the conflict for the civilian population, a clear appeal by the Security Council was essential. 

The Council reiterates its demand that all parties comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights. The resolution calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, the protection of the civilian population and humanitarian access. The Council also deplores all acts of terrorism and recalls that the taking of hostages is prohibited under international law.

In its statement after the vote, Switzerland underlined the central importance of this resolution. It responds to the most urgent needs on the ground and must be implemented immediately with a view to a lasting sustainable ceasefire. In New York, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of Hamas's terrorist acts on 7 October and emphasised that the two-state solution is the only perspective for peace in which Israel and Palestine can live side by side in dignity and security.

Switzerland worked tirelessly with all members of the Council to facilitate the adoption of this resolution. Today's decision by the Council underlines the weight of the non-permanent members of the Council who, despite the blockades, have enabled the Security Council to fulfil its mandate to maintain international peace and security.

Statement from Switzerland after the vote, 25.03.2024

Middle East: US resolution fails in the UN Security Council due to a veto

A US-drafted resolution on the situation in the Middle East failed in the UN Security Council today due to a veto by Russia and China. The resolution would have stressed the need for an immediate and lasting ceasefire in Gaza. To that end, the resolution would have supported the ongoing diplomatic negotiations led by the U.S., Qatar and Egypt. Among other things, this resolution demanded that the parties comply with their obligations under international law and called for an increase in humanitarian aid. Switzerland considers it necessary to implement an immediate humanitarian ceasefire. In particular, such a measure should facilitate the release of the hostages and the immediate delivery of humanitarian aid to and within the Gaza Strip. Switzerland supported the resolution in New York and deplores the outcome of the vote. There is an urgent need for the Security Council to call on the parties to respect international humanitarian law and protect the civilian population.

In its statement after the vote, Switzerland stressed that the adoption of this resolution would have sent a clear call to the parties to fully comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights. The resolution would also have sent a signal to the parties to work towards a durable ceasefire, almost six months after the acts of terrorism by Hamas, which Switzerland condemned. In addition, the resolution would have emphasized the centrality of a two-state solution as the only basis for peace and security in the region.

Statement after the vote on the US resolution, UN Security Council, 22 March 2024

UN Security Council: Sexual violence is a serious violation of international humanitarian law

At its meeting today, the UN Security Council discussed the report of the UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Pramila Patten, released on March 4, following her visit to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. According to the report, there is reason to believe that women and girls were raped and tortured in various locations during the terrorist attacks coordinated by Hamas and other armed groups on October 7. In New York, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of the terrorist acts and reiterated its condemnation of all sexual violence in conflicts. In addition, the Patten report assumes that the hostages still being held are being subjected to sexual violence. In New York, Switzerland also reiterated its call for their immediate and unconditional release.

Sexual violence in conflict situations is a serious violation of international humanitarian law and human rights. "It is therefore imperative that the Security Council unanimously condemns all conflict-related sexual violence in the context of the Middle East conflict, as in all armed conflicts, and takes action to prevent its recurrence," said Riccarda Chanda, Deputy Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the UN, at the Security Council meeting. She also emphasized that those responsible must be identified and held accountable. The relevant UN bodies must be guaranteed appropriate access. Switzerland drew attention to the ongoing investigations by the International Criminal Court. These are looking into all violations of international law in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory since October 7.

Switzerland also expressed its deep concern at the information contained in the report on forms of sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinian men and women in detention centers, during house searches and at checkpoints. It condemned the fact that the hostilities in Gaza continue to cause numerous civilian casualties, including nearly 9,000 women. According to the UN, 95% of mothers do not have enough to eat. During today's Council meeting, Switzerland reiterated the need for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza to release hostages, allow humanitarian access and protect civilians. "The Security Council must at all costs put an end to the current spiral of violence in the Middle East and relaunch a process of dialogue with a view to finding a political solution to this conflict, in which women play a key role," said the Swiss representative in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on gender-based violence in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 11.03.2024

Briefing on the situation and role of UNRWA at the UN General Assembly

In light of the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza, the UN General Assembly has addressed the role of UNRWA. In its statement in New York, Switzerland reiterated that the provision of emergency humanitarian assistance to the civilian population in Gaza is inadequate. UNRWA is currently the largest humanitarian actor in Gaza. In the current situation, it would be difficult for any other organization or agency to assume all the responsibilities that UNRWA carries out in the Middle East. UNRWA also provides basic services in the West Bank, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. This is another reason why Switzerland is all the more concerned by the serious allegations against certain UNRWA employees suspected of involvement in the terrorist acts perpetrated by Hamas on October 7, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms. Switzerland has a zero-tolerance policy towards any support for terrorism and any incitement to hatred or violence. It has taken note of the immediate measures taken by UNRWA, in particular the decision to dismiss the accused employees with immediate effect and to launch an investigation. Switzerland expects that the ongoing investigation will fully clarify the allegations and calls for appropriate measures to be taken thereafter.

At the General Assembly, Switzerland reiterated its position on the conflict in the Middle East and called on all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law, to protect the civilian population and to allow rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza. Humanitarian aid must be delivered and distributed under acceptable security conditions. An immediate humanitarian ceasefire is needed, and the hostages must be released. She also emphasized that the restoration of a political horizon is crucial to work towards a two-state solution, which is the basis for lasting peace and stability in the Middle East.

Swiss statement on the role of UNRWA, UN General Assembly, 05.03.2024

UN Security Council: Acute food insecurity in Gaza

The worsening food crisis facing the population of the Gaza Strip was at the focus of a UN Security Council meeting today. The meeting was convened at the request of Switzerland and Guyana in their roles as the Council’s co-focal points on "Hunger and Conflict". According to information from the UN Humanitarian Office (OCHA), the level of food insecurity and the associated risk of famine in the Gaza Strip is alarming. The escalation of hostilities in the Middle East since October 7 is the main cause of this acute need. The fighting is negatively impacting Gaza’s water supply, agriculture and food. The situation was already worrying due to the poverty that has prevailed since the closure of the Gaza Strip in 2008, which restricted movement and access. According to OCHA, one in four people in Gaza is now severly malnourished – more than half a million people. Children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, people with disabilities, and the elderly are at a particularly high risk of death.

The dramatic situation is exacerbated by the severe restrictions on the transport of food into and within the Gaza Strip. In the Security Council, Switzerland reminded Israel to implement the measures ordered by the International Court of Justice on February 26, 2024. Among other things, the Court requires Israel to ensure the provision of urgently needed basic services to the Palestinian population and to facilitate the rapid and unhindered humanitarian aid. Against this background, Switzerland called on all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law, including the prohibition of the use of starvation as a method of warfare, and to protect the civilian population.

"We, the members of this Council, must use our influence and take measures to prevent famine and save lives," emphasized Switzerland's representative to the Security Council. An immediate humanitarian ceasefire is urgently needed. In Resolution 2417 of 2018, the UN Security Council strongly condemned the starvation of civilians and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access as a tactic of war. Switzerland stated in the Council that it remains ready to work with all members of the Council to find a political solution that ends the suffering of the people and restores the prospect of peace.

Statement by Switzerland on the food security situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 27.02.2024

Resolution for a humanitarian ceasefire fails in the UN Security Council

The UN Security Council today voted on a resolution calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in the Middle East. The draft resolution, which was presented by Algeria, failed due to a veto by the USA. The catastrophic humanitarian situation for over 2 million people in Gaza continues to worsen: hunger is rampant, the health sector is in ruins and a large part of the population has already been internally displaced several times. There is a lack of everything, especially humanitarian access. In addition, Israel's impending military ground offensive in Rafah in the south of the Gaza Strip poses a serious threat to over 1 million people. Numerous hostages are being held and their medical care is not guaranteed.

To counter these developments, in addition to an immediate ceasefire, the resolution would have called for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, full compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties, rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to the civilian population in need and rejected any forced displacement of the Palestinian population. By adopting the resolution, the Security Council would also have recalled the precautionary measures taken by the International Court of Justice on January 26, 2024 to prevent genocide in the Middle East and reiterated its call for a two-state solution. Finally, the failed draft resolution also expressed grave concern about the threat of further escalation in the wider region as a result of the violence in Gaza.

Switzerland supported the resolution and regretted the outcome of the vote. In its explanation of vote, it reiterated its position on the current escalation in the Middle East and emphasized that the call for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza is in line with the Security Council's collective commitment to respect and ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law in all circumstances. "We cannot allow hundreds of thousands of besieged civilians to be left to starvation and epidemics without adequate security guarantees, whether for the provision of humanitarian assistance or for their own protection," Switzerland said.

During the negotiations on the draft resolution, Switzerland played a key role in ensuring that the demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, compliance with international law and the protection of the civilian population were enshrined in the text of the resolution. Switzerland calls on the parties to the conflict to immediately implement the UN Security Council resolutions adopted in December and November 2023 on the situation on the ground. The immediate release of the hostages, a humanitarian ceasefire, unhindered access for humanitarian aid to Gaza and full compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights by all parties are urgent. On this basis, work must be done towards a political dialog with the goal of a two-state solution.

Swiss Statement after the vote, United Nations Security Council, 20.02.2024

What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

UN Security Council: Measures of the International Court of Justice are binding on both parties

The UN Security Council today once again discussed the current situation in the Middle East. Switzerland reiterated its position and called in particular for international humanitarian law to be respected. In view of the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza, a humanitarian ceasefire is urgently needed to allow humanitarian access and the release of all hostages. Switzerland underlined its unwavering support for the International Court of Justice and recalled that the precautionary measures of January 26 are binding on both parties. It expects Israel to comply with the Court's order and to take the necessary measures to prevent the commission of acts of genocide and incitement to genocide. This requires immediate and effective measures, including the provision of basic services and humanitarian assistance.

In New York, Switzerland also expressed its concern about the serious allegations against UNRWA staff suspected of involvement in the terrorist acts of October 7. Switzerland has a policy of zero tolerance towards any support for terrorism and incitement to hatred or violence. Switzerland has taken note of the immediate measures taken by UNRWA against the employees and expects that the internal investigation will fully clarify the allegations.

Finally, Switzerland warned against a regionalization of the conflict and reiterated that respect for international law, a humanitarian ceasefire, access for aid to Gaza and the release of hostages are only the first steps towards a lasting political solution to the conflict, which must be based on a two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 31.01.2024

Middle East: Federal Councillor Cassis stresses the need for a comprehensive solution

On January 23, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis took part in a ministerial debate on the Middle East at the UN Security Council. Under the French Presidency, the aim of the debate was to contribute to concrete progress towards a political solution to the crisis in the Middle East. The Head of the FDFA presented to the Council an analysis of the situation and presented his views on a solution to the conflict and a lasting peace in the region. 

Federal Councillor Cassis yesterday reiterated the Federal Council's position on the Middle East conflict during a high-level debate at the UN Security Council. He condemned the terrorist attacks by Hamas against Israel and called for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages held by Hamas. The head of the FDFA also drew attention to the precarious humanitarian situation in Gaza: "Since October 7, there seems to be no limit to the violence in Israel, in Gaza and throughout the occupied Palestinian territory.

In New York, the head of the FDFA also spoke of the UN Security Council's involvement in the Middle East conflict. The Council has recently adopted important resolutions that are very difficult to implement. Only some of the hostages have been released, civilians are the daily victims of the fighting, and international humanitarian law continues to be violated. "We cannot give in to frustration. We must not be discouraged," Ignazio Cassis told the Security Council. He stressed the need for a comprehensive approach to the solution, involving in particular the States of the region. Without a regional political consensus, there can be no lasting peace in the Middle East," said the head of the FDFA. At the diplomatic level, recent years have shown that there is room for political agreement and common interests between Israel and the states of the region. This space must be used to work towards a lasting peace, which requires a two-state solution. "This is the only solution that offers both Israelis and Palestinians the prospect of living in peace and security," Mr. Cassis emphasized.

The head of the FDFA called on the parties to the conflict, the states in the region and the members of the Security Council to act in order to lay the foundations for a lasting cessation of hostilities and a political solution to the crisis. This requires the immediate release of the hostages, a humanitarian ceasefire, unhindered access for humanitarian aid to Gaza, and full respect for international humanitarian law. Switzerland is ready to support these efforts in cooperation with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and the states of the region.

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 23.01.2024

What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

At an emergency meeting today, the UN Security Council once again discussed the situation in the Middle East, in particular the forced displacement of the Palestinian population. Switzerland expressed its concern about the steady increase in violence and the suffering of the civilian population. In light of the dire humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, it called for the facilitation of humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip and the release of the hostages remaining there. To this end, Switzerland emphasized the need for a lasting humanitarian ceasefire. In the Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of the terrorist attacks by Hamas on October 7, in particular the sexual violence against women and girls.

In order to alleviate the suffering of civilians, it is essential that the two resolutions on the Middle East adopted by the Security Council in November and December be fully implemented. In particular, the resolutions call for an increase in humanitarian assistance to the Gaza Strip by ensuring rapid, safe and unhindered access in accordance with international humanitarian law. There is a serious risk of famine, which already affects about half a million people in Gaza.

Switzerland also emphasized in New York that the Geneva Conventions prohibit the forcible transfer of populations and that such transfer can constitute a war crime. It rejects calls for the expulsion of civilians from the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Gaza, and calls on the leadership of all parties to refrain from provocative statements. Furthermore, all violations of international law committed in Israel and throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory must be investigated and the perpetrators brought to justice. To this end, the International Criminal Court (ICC) is currently conducting an investigation into the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, covering both the events of October 7 and the ongoing events in Gaza and the West Bank.

The search for a political solution is urgent. In this context, Switzerland continues to support the two-state solution, so that Gaza can be rebuilt as part of a future Palestinian state, living side by side with Israel in peace and within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 12.01.2024

UN Security Council: Switzerland emphasises the need for a lasting political solution in the Middle East

At the request of the United Arab Emirates, an emergency meeting was held at the UN Security Council on Friday 29 December to discuss the current situation in the Middle East. The continuation of hostilities in Gaza and the increase in violence in the West Bank are worrying and reinforce the threat of a regional extension of the conflict. These developments compromise the political prospect of implementing a two-state solution, as supported by Switzerland.

In view of the latest developments, Switzerland has once again stressed that respect for international humanitarian law and human rights, the protection of civilians and the release of hostages must remain a priority for the Security Council. Switzerland also stressed the need for a lasting political solution in the Middle East.

On behalf of Switzerland and Brazil, as informal focal points on conflict and hunger within the Security Council, a statement was also made on the acute food insecurity in the Gaza Strip, which affects more than 90% of the population.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 29.12.2023

Joint Statement by Switzerland and Brazil, UN Security Council, 29.12.2023 (PDF, 1 Page, 107.0 kB, English)

UN Security Council adopts resolution in favor of increasing humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip

In light of the dramatically deteriorating situation in the Gaza Strip, the UN Security Council today adopted a resolution aimed at increasing humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. The resolution addresses the urgent humanitarian needs of the civilian population, deplores all attacks against civilians, including terrorist acts, including those carried out by Hamas since 7 October, and calls for

• Compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict.
  
• Rapid and unhindered access to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid on a sufficient scale, including through a UN Humanitarian Mechanism and the opening of various border crossings.
• The immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.
• Protection of civilians by both parties to the conflict.
• The need for a two-state solution.
• The need to create the conditions for a lasting cessation of hostilities.

Switzerland supported the resolution submitted to the Council by the United Arab Emirates because it contributes to alleviating the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and because it incorporates various aspects of Switzerland's position on the current conflict. These include compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict, the release of all hostages, the guarantee of safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza, and the need for a two-state solution.

With a view to facilitating rapid and unhindered humanitarian access, the resolution adopted today underlines the urgent need to consider steps to create the conditions for a durable cessation of hostilities. This is without prejudice to Israel's right to ensure its defense and security, but would facilitate humanitarian access and allow for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. In its statement after the vote, Switzerland welcomed the Council's decision and emphasized that today's resolution must be complementary to international humanitarian law, according to which all parties to the conflict and other states are obliged to allow and facilitate aid to the suffering population.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 22.12.2023

UN General Assembly adopts resolution in favour of humanitarian ceasefire

The UN General Assembly today adopted a resolution in favor of a humanitarian ceasefire and increased humanitarian aid to Gaza. Last Friday, a resolution with much the same content failed in the UN Security Council due to a US veto. The resolution, which was presented to the 193 UN member states in the General Assembly by Egypt on behalf of the Arab states, calls for

• An immediate humanitarian ceasefire
• Compliance with international humanitarian law by both parties to the conflict
• The protection of the Israeli and Palestinian civilian population
• The immediate release of all remaining hostages

During the negotiations on the draft resolution submitted by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the UN Security Council for a vote last Friday, Switzerland succeeded in ensuring that the demand for the protection of civilians on both sides and for the immediate release of all remaining hostages was included in the draft text.

The resolution addresses the most pressing need in the Middle East: The protection of civilians on both sides. After the vote, Switzerland emphasized its support for the resolution and called for its implementation. It also explained that its understanding of a humanitarian ceasefire is a temporary humanitarian pause that does not affect Israel's right to defense and security. Finally, Switzerland recalled that the parties to the conflict must comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and respect human rights. The Federal Council discussed the draft Security Council resolution at its meeting on 8 December 2023.

The General Assembly also voted today on two amendments proposed by Austria and the USA. The Austrian amendment called for a clarification that the hostages are being held by Hamas and other groups, while the US amendment condemned Hamas' acts of terrorism since October 7. Both amendments failed due to a lack of majority. Switzerland also supported these two motions.

Unlike UN Security Council resolutions, General Assembly resolutions are not binding under international law. Against this background, the resolution adopted today is primarily a signal. It should be seen as a recommendation by a majority of the international community. A 2/3 majority is required for the General Assembly to adopt resolutions in the area of peace and security. The resolution adopted today has a humanitarian focus and refers to UN Secretary-General Guterres’s letter of December 6, in which he called on the Security Council to take action to alleviate the humanitarian emergency in the Gaza Strip.

Swiss statement after the vote

Resolution in favour of humanitarian ceasefire fails in UN Security Council due to veto

On December 6, UN Secretary-General António Guterres wrote to the UN Security Council to call for a humanitarian ceasefire due to the unsustainable situation in the Gaza Strip. In this context, the United Arab Emirates introduced a resolution in the Security Council calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire, compliance with international humanitarian law and the protection of Israeli and Palestinian civilians by both parties to the conflict, as well as the immediate release of all remaining hostages. Switzerland supported the resolution. However, it failed due to a veto by the United States. During the negotiations, Switzerland successfully argued for the protection of civilians on both sides and the release of hostages to be included in the text of the resolution.

The resolution would have had a humanitarian focus aimed at improving the dire situation of civilians in the Gaza Strip. After the vote, Switzerland clarified that the humanitarian ceasefire called for in the resolution would have been understood as a temporary humanitarian pause that would not have affected Israel's right to defense and security. The Federal Council discussed the draft resolution at its meeting today.

Switzerland regrets today's decision by the Council and will continue to work for the Security Council to agree on steps that go beyond humanitarian aid. This is essential for survival, but it will not resolve the conflict. A two-state solution negotiated by both sides is the basis for peace and stability in the Middle East.

Statement from Switzerland after the vote

Statement by Switzerland, Briefing on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 08.12.2023

On Monday, 4 December, a family of four was able to leave the Gaza Strip via the Rafah border crossing. The family was received and assisted on the Egyptian side by staff from the Swiss embassy in Cairo. Thus, all Swiss nationals of whom the FDFA was aware were able to leave Gaza. A total of eight Swiss nationals could already leave the Gaza Strip on 2 and 16 November.

Middle East: Switzerland welcomes the release of hostages in the UN Security Council

The UN Security Council today discussed the still urgent situation in the Middle East in the presence of various ministers. Ambassador Thomas Gürber, Head of the FDFA's UN Division, represented Switzerland. At the beginning of the debate, UN Secretary-General António Guterres appealed to the Security Council that the trend of the increasingly deteriorating situation in the Middle East must be reversed.

Thomas Gürber referred to the Security Council resolution on the protection of children adopted on 15 November. It represents an important first step by the Council in the current conflict and calls on all parties to comply with their obligations under international law and international humanitarian law, particularly with regard to the protection of the civilian population.

Switzerland welcomes the release of the hostages and thanks the states involved for their mediation efforts as well as the ICRC for its role in implementing the hostages’ release. Ambassador Gürber reiterated that Switzerland is calling for the release of all hostages. For this to succeed, humanitarian pauses are important, as called for by the Council in its resolution. Thomas Gürber emphasised that the humanitarian pauses must be extended for this purpose and to provide humanitarian aid to the civilian population in the Gaza Strip.

Humanitarian aid is vital, but it is not a sustainable solution to the conflict. Switzerland will continue to work in the Security Council to promote consensus and a political solution to the conflict. The two-state solution, in which the Israeli and Palestinian populations can live side by side in peace, security and dignity, is the only basis for peace and stability in the Middle East.

In addition, Thomas Gürber recalled Switzerland's position on the current conflict in the Council: it strongly condemns the terrorist acts of Hamas since 7 October, recognises Israel's right to ensure its security and defence and calls on all parties to comply with international humanitarian law to protect the civilian population and to allow rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29.11.2023

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

On 11 October 2023, four days after Hamas carried out terrorist attacks from the Gaza Strip against civilians in Israel, the Federal Council decided to designate Hamas a terrorist organisation. It instructed the FDFA to explore legal options for banning the organisation. On 22 November, the Federal Council decided to draft a federal Act banning Hamas, considering this to be the most appropriate response to the situation that has prevailed in the Middle East since 7 October. The Act will provide the federal authorities with the necessary tools to counter any Hamas activities or support for the organisation in Switzerland. The Federal Council instructed the FDJP and the DDPS, along with the FDFA, to submit the draft legislation by the end of February 2024.

On 11 October the Federal Council also instructed the FDFA to carry out a detailed analysis of the financial flows linked to the partner NGOs in the 2021–24 cooperation programme for the region. At its meeting on 22 November, the Federal Council was briefed on the results of the analyses carried out to date, which have not revealed any irregularities, as well as new control measures planned for the future.

In addition, eleven partner NGOs underwent in-depth verification of their compliance with the FDFA's code of conduct and the anti-discrimination clause in their contracts. For eight of them, no evidence of non-compliance was found, and their contractual relationship with the FDFA will continue. For three others, however, instances of non-compliance were identified, leading to the termination of their contracts.

Press release

Swiss dual national has left the Gaza Strip

On the morning of 16 November 2023, another Swiss dual national was able to leave the Gaza Strip via the Rafah border crossing. The man was received and assisted on the Egyptian side by staff from the Swiss embassy in Cairo. This meant that all Swiss dual nationals were able to leave Gaza who wished to do so. Seven people with Swiss citizenship had already left the country on 2 November. The FDFA is aware of four people who wish to remain in Gaza voluntarily.

UN Security Council adopts resolution focusing on the protection of children in the Middle East

After weeks of wrangling, the UN Security Council today adopted a resolution on the protection of children in the Middle East. The text of the resolution, which was introduced by Malta as chair of the Council's Working Group on the Protection of Children in Armed Conflict, calls for the protection of children through temporary humanitarian pauses.

According to the resolution, the purpose of the pauses should include the provision of humanitarian assistance to the civilian population, particularly children, the evacuation of sick and injured children from the Gaza Strip and the recovery of missing children. To ensure this, the resolution calls for safe and unimpeded humanitarian access for UN humanitarian organizations, their partners and the ICRC during pauses in the fighting.

The resolution adopted by the Security Council also demanded that all parties comply with international humanitarian law and ensure the protection of civilians, in particular children, which is a priority of Swiss foreign policy. The text also calls for the release of all hostages held by Hamas since October 7.

Switzerland supported the resolution because it takes into account the urgent humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip. The resolution reflects four Swiss priorities: (1) humanitarian pauses for rapid humanitarian access; (2) respect for international humanitarian law; (3) release of hostages; and (4) prevention of the escalation of the conflict. The concise text of the resolution, which is geared to operational needs, deliberately refrains from political contextualization, especially since it proved impossible to reach a consensus on this during the negotiations. As a country with a long humanitarian tradition and as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, the protection of children in conflicts is of particular concern to Switzerland. According to international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions, civilians, including children, must be protected in conflicts. In its explanation of vote, Switzerland reiterated the position of the Federal Council on the current conflict in the Middle East, in particular its condemnation of terrorist acts by Hamas and its recognition of Israel's right to ensure its defense and security. The so-called "statement after the vote" gives states at the UN the opportunity to present their detailed positions and assessments in addition to the vote.

After four failed attempts to adopt a resolution on the Middle East since October 7, today's resolution is a testament to the Security Council's ability to act and take decisions. At the same time, the resolution sends an important signal to all actors and affected civilians on the ground. The last time the Security Council was able to adopt a resolution on the Middle East was in 2016. Switzerland will continue to advocate in the UN Security Council for measures that go beyond the protection of the civilian population and address the overall situation in the current conflict in the Middle East - namely a resolution that condemns the terrorist acts of Hamas, calls for the release of all hostages, recognizes Israel's right to ensure its security and demands rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 15.11.2023 (en)

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

UN Security Council: Humanitarian actors must be able to carry out their work safely and effectively

In light of the situation in the Middle East, the UN Security Council met again today for an emergency meeting. Tedros Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the WHO, provided the Council with first-hand information on the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip.

In accordance with its position (see fold-out box at the beginning of the news ticker), Switzerland condemned Hamas' acts of terrorism in the Council in the strongest terms, called for the unconditional release of all Hamas hostages and recognised Israel's right to ensure its defence and security. Switzerland also reminded the audience that all parties must abide by international humanitarian law.

International humanitarian law regulates the conduct of war and protects the victims of armed conflicts. It is universally applicable. As a country with a long humanitarian tradition and as a depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, the protection of the civilians is a central pillar of Switzerland's foreign policy and a priority for its membership of the UN Security Council. In the Council, Switzerland expressed its deep concern about the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza. It emphasised that the civilian population is in urgent need of aid and protection without water, electricity and essential services. International humanitarian law also requires the protection of medical facilities and humanitarian aid workers. Last Tuesday's incident, in which an ICRC convoy carrying aid supplies to the Al-Quds hospital in Gaza came under fire, highlights the insecure environment in which humanitarian organisations work in Gaza.

In the UN Security Council, Switzerland will continue to actively contribute to the Council taking urgent measures, such as calling for humanitarian pauses or truces, to ensure rapid and unhindered access for humanitarian aid to Gaza. This should enable the ICRC and other humanitarian actors to mitigate the worsening health crisis in Gaza with their work. At yesterday's international humanitarian conference in Paris, Switzerland confirmed that it is earmarking additional funds totalling CHF 90 million for emergency humanitarian aid in the entire region.

Swiss statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 10.11.2023

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

UN Security Council emergency meeting on the situation in Gaza

At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland expressed its deep concern about the number of civilian casualties in Gaza and the fact that hospitals, UN buildings and other civilian facilities in the Gaza Strip have been hit. It emphasised that the obligations under international humanitarian law are clear: civilians and civilian objects must be protected, both in Israel and in the Gaza Strip.

At the same time, Switzerland reiterated its unequivocal condemnation of the acts of terrorism and rocket fire by Hamas against the Israeli population in accordance with its position (see fold-out box at the beginning of the news ticker). It called for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages taken by Hamas in Gaza. Switzerland recognises Israel's right to ensure its defense and security and recalls that all parties are obliged to comply with international humanitarian law. In light of the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza, it called for the rapid and unhindered delivery of basic goods and services to all civilians in need.

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

Seven Swiss nationals arrived in Egypt

The FDFA confirms that seven Swiss citizens, including six dual nationals, were able to leave the Gaza Strip today via the Rafah border crossing. The staff of the Swiss Embassy in Cairo received the seven people on the Egyptian side and is providing them with consular protection. The FDFA is aware of one Palestinian who also holds Swiss nationality and is currently waiting to leave the country. Four dual nationals have decided to remain in the Gaza Strip for the time being.

Federal Council to increase funding for humanitarian aid

At its meeting today, the Federal Council took the decision to request additional funding from Parliament for humanitarian aid in Israel, the occupied Palestinian territory and their neighbouring countries. The CHF 90 million will go to the following organisations:

The FDFA will contribute CHF 4 million of the total CHF 90 million. The requested supplementary credit therefore totals CHF 86 million.

Press release of Federal Council, 01.11.2023

UN Security Council: Emergency meeting on the situation in the Middle East

Against the background of the intensification of hostilities last weekend, the UN Security Council held an emergency meeting today. Switzerland stressed that calling on all parties to protect the civilian population is and must remain a central task of the UN Security Council. Civilians must be protected in Israel, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Switzerland strongly condemns the acts of terrorism and the taking of hostages by Hamas, demands the immediate and unconditional release of the hostages and expresses its solidarity with the Israeli population. Three weeks after the start of hostilities, the humanitarian situation in Gaza is catastrophic. The population lacks basic necessities such as water and electricity. Against this background, Switzerland calls on all parties to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and to allow rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza.

International humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions, is universal. It provides the legal framework for the protection of civilians in conflict. Switzerland recognizes Israel's legitimate desire for national defense and security. It recalls that international humanitarian law takes into account legitimate needs such as security and military necessity and must therefore be respected without exception. Violations of international humanitarian law and human rights must be investigated and the perpetrators held accountable.

In the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly, Switzerland has in recent weeks called for measures such as humanitarian pauses or a humanitarian ceasefire. It once again called on the Security Council to work together to end the violence. Four resolutions on the Middle East have failed in the Council in the last two weeks. Switzerland will continue to work actively for joint action by the Security Council and for a peaceful solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 30.10.2023

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

UN General Assembly adopts resolution on the situation in the Middle East

The humanitarian situation in the Middle East, particularly in Gaza, is deteriorating by the day. Following the failure of four resolutions at the UN Security Council, the President of the UN General Assembly (GA) convened an emergency special session of the GA on the Middle East on October 27 at the request of several countries. By a vote of 121 in favor to 14 against, with 44 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted a resolution on the Middle East. The resolution calls for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire, rapid, unimpeded and safe humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip, and respect for international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict. Switzerland supported the resolution. With its emphasis on the protection of civilians, the resolution was inspired by Brazil's draft resolution to the UN Security Council, which failed last week due to a US veto.

Switzerland took the floor to explicitly condemn the Hamas terrorist attacks and to call for the immediate and unconditional release of the hostages. An amendment to this effect, introduced by Canada and supported by Switzerland, failed to secure the necessary votes.

International humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions, is universal. It provides the legal framework for the protection of civilians in conflict situations. Switzerland recognizes Israel's legitimate desire to ensure its national defense and security. It recalls that international humanitarian law takes into account legitimate needs such as security and military necessity and must therefore be respected without exception. Violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in the Middle East must be investigated and the perpetrators held accountable.

Switzerland strongly condemns the terrorist attacks by Hamas. Three weeks after the start of hostilities, the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip is catastrophic. The population lacks basic necessities such as water and electricity. In view of this situation, Switzerland calls on all parties to respect their obligations under international humanitarian law, to protect the civilian population and to allow rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza.

Explanation of vote (fr, en)

Resolution, UN General Assembly, 27.10.2023

UN Security Council: Again no agreement on the resolution on the situation in the Middle East

On October 25, 2023, the UN Security Council voted on a draft US resolution on the situation in the Middle East. The adoption of the resolution failed due to a veto by Russia and China. Switzerland supported the resolution because it would have represented a step by the Security Council to protect civilians in the Middle East and emphasized humanitarian pauses as a measure for humanitarian access. Switzerland was actively involved in the negotiations leading up to the vote to ensure that international humanitarian law and humanitarian pauses were enshrined in the text of the resolution.

The Council also voted on a Russian draft resolution that failed to secure a majority. Switzerland abstained. The Russian proposal called for a humanitarian ceasefire, which Switzerland supported in principle, but in the text of the resolution, which had not been discussed among Council members beforehand, contained elements that did not correspond to the Swiss position and assessments.

The day before, during an open debate in the UN Security Council, Switzerland once again condemned the acts of terror, the indiscriminate firing of rockets against the Israeli population and the taking of hostages by Hamas. It also underlined Israel's legitimate desire for national defense and security and called on all parties to respect international law, in particular international humanitarian law, and to take measures to de-escalate. Switzerland also called on all actors to remove obstacles to the swift, safe and unhindered delivery of aid to Gaza.

The protection of civilians is a top priority for Switzerland as the Depositary state of the Geneva Conventions and a priority for its membership in the Security Council. "Civilians in Israel and in Gaza must be protected at all costs. We are committed to a Security Council that makes respect for international humanitarian law a priority, especially in urgent cases," said Swiss Ambassador Maya Tissafi, Head of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Division and Head of the Middle East Task Force, in New York.

In her remarks, Switzerland underscored its commitment since last week for the Council to adopt a resolution that would allow forhumanitarian pauses and rapid, safe and unhindered access for aid to Gaza. Last week, two resolutions failed due to a lack of votes and a US veto.

Switzerland remains convinced that humanitarian pauses are urgently needed to provide the civilian population with essential goods and to allow humanitarian organisations access to the Gaza Strip in accordance with international humanitarian law. To achieve this, the Security Council must find a solution. Switzerland continues to advocate for this.

Switzerland calls on the UN Security Council to step up its efforts to fulfill its responsibility to protect civilians.Against the background of the current escalation of the conflict, urgent humanitarian measures are important. The goal of a sustainable peace in the Middle East based on a two-state solution must not be lost sight of.

Statement after the vote: Situation in the Middle East, 25.10.2023

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 24.10.2023

Newsticker: What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

FDFA suspends financial support to 11 Palestinian and Israeli NGOs

In view of the new situation that has prevailed since the Hamas attack on Israel on 7 October and the resumption of hostilities in the Middle East, the FDFA has decided to suspend its financial support to eleven local NGOs (six Palestinian and five Israeli). These organisations are mainly active in the field of human rights and are supported as part of the Department's cooperation programmes in the Middle East. This decision will make it possible to carry out an in-depth analysis of the compliance of these organisations' communications with the FDFA's Code of Conduct and anti-discrimination clause, to which external partners are subject. The FDFA's cooperation activities in the Middle East must adapt to the new context that has prevailed since the resumption of hostilities. The relevance and feasibility of programmes will therefore have to be analysed in general terms.

The FDFA attaches great importance to ensuring that its financial support is used wisely. The FDFA systematically carries out close monitoring of all its partners, for example through field visits or exchanges with third parties. The task force set up by the Federal Council has also been asked to carry out a detailed analysis of the financial flows linked to the cooperation programme in the Middle East (see press release issued by the Federal Council on 11.10.2023).

The Swiss forensic experts from the Disaster Victim Identification DVI CH team are back in Switzerland. The five experts provided support to the Israeli authorities in identifying the victims of the terrorist attack perpetrated by Hamas.

The five-day mission to Israel enabled the necessary forensic work to progress. It followed an official request from the Israeli authorities.

On 21 October 2023, a first convoy of several trucks delivered urgently needed humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. The convoy crossed the Rafah border crossing on Saturday morning. In a statement, the FDFA welcomed the opening of the crossing for humanitarian aid deliveries. It stressed that water, medicine and food must be delivered regularly to help the people in the Gaza Strip.

Meanwhile, another convoy of humanitarian supplies has reached the Rafah crossing on the Egyptian side and is expected to continue to the Gaza Strip. The FDFA stresses that in addition to the aid deliveries, humanitarian pauses are needed in order to make sure the population is provided with urgently needed support. It thanks Egypt, the UN and all the actors involved to make the aid deliveries possible.

Civilians in Israel and Gaza are the first victims of the renewed outbreak of the conflict in the Middle East. Thousands of civilians in Israel and Gaza, including hundreds of children, have already lost their lives. Against this backdrop, the UN Security Council voted on 18 October 2023 on a resolution introduced by Brazil condemning Hamas attacks and calling on the parties to respect international humanitarian law, protect civilians and allow humanitarian aid into Gaza. Switzerland supported the resolution. Due to a US veto, the adoption of the resolution failed. The draft resolution introduced by Brazil aimed to achieve consensus in the Security Council and contained important elements from Switzerland's point of view. For this reason, Switzerland regrets that this important resolution was not adopted today.

On Monday evening, a resolution text submitted by Russia had failed due to a lack of majority. This text did not contain a clear reference to international humanitarian law – one of Switzerland's priorities in the Security Council. Switzerland abstained from the vote.

Switzerland continues to advocate for solutions in the Security Council so that the Council fulfils its responsibility to protect the civilian population in the Middle East. However, it also remains active outside the Security Council at multilateral and bilateral level to improve the humanitarian situation in the Middle East.

Emergency meeting: Explosion at Al-Ahli hospital in Gaza

Immediately after the vote on the resolution, the UN Security Council held an emergency meeting to discuss the explosion at Al-Ahli hospital in Gaza. According to the UN, hundreds of people were killed and many injured. Switzerland recalls that hospitals and civilians must always be protected under international humanitarian law. A thorough investigation must be carried out.

Switzerland advocates in the Security Council for improvement of the situation in the Middle East

In recent days, Switzerland has taken a position on the escalating situation in the Middle East in various closed sessions of the UN Security Council. Last Friday, it once again condemned Hamas' acts of terrorism and recognised Israel's legitimate desire for national defence and security. It called on both parties to respect international law and underlined the need for humanitarian and medical aid to be delivered quickly and unhindered. In the negotiations on the resolution, Switzerland advocated these two objectives: on the one hand, the condemnation of terrorist acts and the protection of the civilian population, and on the other, respect for international law, in particular international humanitarian law and human rights.

Switzerland remains convinced that a lasting solution to the Middle East conflict can only be achieved by peaceful means. This must be based on a two-state solution negotiated by both sides in accordance with international law and the resolutions of the UN Security Council.

What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

Hundreds of people are believed to have been killed in the explosion at  a hospital in Gaza. In a statement, the FDFA calls for a thorough investigation of the incident and recalls that hospitals and civilians must always be protected under international humanitarian law.

Five Swiss forensic experts arrived in Israel on Tuesday 17 October 2023. They will assist the relevant authorities in identifying the victims of the Hamas terrorist attack. The duration of the experts' mission will depend on the Israeli authorities’ needs.

Under the heading of humanitarian aid, Israel has requested Switzerland's support in identifying the victims who died following the attack on 7 October. Switzerland has approved this request and the FDFA has entrusted fedpol with Disaster Victim Identification DVI CH - the national disaster victim identification team - with the implementation of this request. The main task of the Swiss specialists will be to identify the deceased in accordance with international standards, using unique characteristics such as DNA and fingerprints.

As with any deployment abroad, the security of the specialists is the responsibility of the host authorities, in consultation with fedpol and the FDFA's Crisis Management Centre (KMZ). In order to guarantee the safety of the Swiss specialists and the smooth running of their deployment, no further details on this subject will be released for the time being.

Around 250 people are registered as travellers in Israel on Travel Admin. Calls to the FDFA helpline in connection with requests for assistance to leave the country have decreased significantly.

Air strikes have killed family members of a Palestinian employed as a local FDFA staff member in the Gaza Strip. No further details can be given for reasons of data protection and personal privacy.

The FDFA is aware of nine Palestinians in the Gaza Strip who also hold Swiss citizenship. The FDFA is in contact with the persons concerned or their relatives and is supporting them as far as possible in leaving the country.

The FDFA is likewise informed of three Palestinians holding Swiss citizenship who have been able to leave the West Bank on their own.

The number of calls to the FDFA helpline continues to fall sharply. The total of persons registered on Travel Admin has fallen to around 280. The FDFA is in contact with Swiss nationals on the ground and is providing them with assistance as far as possible.

Commercial flights from Israel can still be booked as far as the FDFA is aware. SWISS is not planning any further special flights at the moment. The FDFA does not envisage any departure of Swiss nationals from Israel organised by the Confederation and recommends that Swiss nationals therefore consider other possibilities for leaving the country.

The FDFA reminds that Swiss nationals should follow the instructions of the local authorities on the ground. In accordance with the Law on the Swiss Abroad, the FDFA and the representations inform natural persons and their relatives in the event of a crisis situation and provide them with assistance as far as possible. The safety recommendations of the FDFA must be observed.

The FDFA's travel advice for the countries in the region published on the Internet is up-to-date and reflects the current assessment of the situation. They are reviewed continuously.

In cooperation with the airline SWISS, four special flights Zurich - Tel Aviv - Zurich were operated until Friday, October 13. According to SWISS, around 880 people were able to return to Switzerland on these four special flights. Embassy staff in Tel Aviv assisted departing Swiss nationals at the airport. The FDFA is also aware of travelers who were able to leave the country independently on other flights. There is no reliable information on the exact number.

The two special SWISS flights planned for Saturday, October 14, have been canceled at short notice for security reasons. For this reason, the booking hotline was closed early on Friday. The FDFA is examining further possibilities to assist Swiss nationals in Israel in leaving the country.

The number of calls to the FDFA helpline has fallen significantly since Wednesday. The number of people registered on Travel Admin has also fallen to around 300. The FDFA is in contact with Swiss nationals on the ground and is assisting them as much as possible.

The FDFA confirms that an Israeli citizen, who also held Swiss citizenship, was killed in the terrorist attacks on Saturday, October 7.

At this stage, the FDFA has no information on other victims or injured persons of Swiss nationality in the terrorist attacks.

In collaboration with SWISS, three special flights have been operated so far. Staff from the Embassy in Tel Aviv assisted the Swiss nationals leaving the country at the airport. According to SWISS, around 660 people were able to return to Switzerland on these three special flights.

At the request of the FDFA, SWISS operated a fourth special flight on Friday, 13 October, Zurich - Tel Aviv - Zurich.

Two SWISS special flights planned for Saturday, October 14, were cancelled by SWISS at short notice for security reasons. For this reason, the booking hotline was closed prematurely. SWISS is contacting directly the customers who have already made a booking. The decision to cancel the flights previously confirmed by SWISS is based on a new assessment of the situation by SWISS.

The FDFA recommends that Swiss nationals check other commercial flight options or other departure options. The FDFA is examining other options to assist Swiss nationals in Israel to leave the country. 

The FDFA is aware of travellers who were able to leave the country independently by other flights. No reliable information is available on the exact number of persons.

Around 420 people are still registered on Travel Admin. The FDFA is in contact with Swiss nationals on site and is providing them with assistance as far as possible.

In terms of humanitarian aid, Israel requested Switzerland's support in identifying the victims of the Hamas attack.

Switzerland approved this request, and the FDFA entrusted fedpol, together with Disaster Victim Identification DVI CH - the national disaster victim identification team - with the implementation of this request.

fedpol supports and coordinates DVI CH's operations abroad. For this reason, fedpol has requested the support of DVI CH. The latter is currently in contact with the cantonal police forces to prepare and guarantee the required commitment.

Between 10 and 20 specialists could be sent to Israel in the next few days.

The main task of the Swiss specialists will be to identify the deceased in accordance with international standards, using unique characteristics such as DNA and fingerprints.

The Federal Councillor and Head of the FDFA held a press conference on developments in the Middle East on the sidelines of the GESDA (Geneva Science and Diplomacy Antipation) summit in Geneva.

The FDFA confirms that an Israeli citizen, who also holds Swiss nationality, was killed in the terrorist attacks on Saturday, 7 October. The victim was living in Israel since 2004. Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis expresses his deepest condolences to the relatives. For reasons of data protection and personal privacy, no further details can be given.

In cooperation with SWISS, two special flights have been operated so far. Staff from the Embassy in Tel Aviv were on hand at the airport to assist Swiss nationals leaving the country. According to SWISS, around 430 people were able to return to Switzerland on these two special flights.

At the request of the FDFA, SWISS is operating further special flights Zurich - Tel Aviv - Zurich today, Thursday 12, and tomorrow, Friday 13 October.

Around 550 people with a connection to Switzerland are still registered on the Travel Admin app. The FDFA is in contact with these nationals on the spot and is providing them with assistance as far as possible.

The FDFA is aware of travellers who were able to leave the country independently by other flights. No reliable information is available on the exact number.

The FDFA recommends that Swiss nationals also check other commercial flight options or other departure possibilities. For its part, the FDFA is examining other possibilities to provide subsidiary support for Swiss nationals in Israel to leave the country. The FDFA will inform the public again as soon as further departure options are available. The FDFA does not envisage any departure of Swiss nationals from Israel organised by the Confederation.

The FDFA is currently examining indications of possible missing or deceased Israeli nationals also holding the Swiss nationality. It is in contact with the local authorities on this matter.

The FDFA reminds Swiss nationals on the ground to follow the local authorities’ instructions. In accordance to the Law on the Swiss Abroad, the FDFA and the representations inform natural persons and their relatives in the event of a crisis situation and provide them with assistance as far as possible. The FDFA's security recommendations must be observed. The decision to leave a crisis region is made voluntarily, at the own risk and at the own expense of the person leaving. The Confederation may participate in search and rescue measures of the receiving state or other states.

The FDFA's travel advice for Israel, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Lebanon published on the Internet reflects the current assessment of the situation. They are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

At its meeting on 11 October 2023, the Federal Council discussed the recent outrageous attacks carried out by Hamas from the Gaza Strip against civilians in Israel. It condemns these terrorist acts in the strongest terms and calls for the immediate release of the hostages held by Hamas. In view of the situation, Switzerland must be able to act effectively and in a coordinated fashion. To this end, the Federal Council has decided to expand the task force set up by the FDFA, and convert it into a Federal Council task force. The Federal Council takes the stance that Hamas should be considered a terrorist organisation.

Press release: Federal Council condemns terrorist attacks by Hamas in Israel and enhances Switzerland's capacity to act

At the request of the FDFA, SWISS will operate a second special flight from Zurich to Tel Aviv today, Wednesday October 11, and a third on Thursday October 12 for around 215 passengers each. SWISS had already repatriated a total of 218 people to Switzerland on October 10.

The FDFA recommends that Swiss nationals also check other commercial flight options and other departure options. For its part, the FDFA is examining other solutions to provide subsidiary assistance to Swiss nationals in Israel who wish to leave the country. The FDFA is also in contact with partner countries regarding departure options. The FDFA will communicate again as soon as other options become available. No organised departure of Swiss nationals from Israel is planned.

The FDFA is currently examining information concerning any missing or deceased Israeli nationals who also hold Swiss nationality and is in contact with the local authorities in this regard.

The FDFA's travel advice for Israel published on the Internet reflects the current assessment of the situation. They are checked on an ongoing basis.

At the request of the FDFA, SWISS is operating a special flight today, Tuesday 10 October, for the benefit of Swiss nationals. The booking and payment for this special flight was made via a SWISS call centre. This flight will enable around 220 Swiss nationals to fly from Tel Aviv to Zurich.

At the request of the FDFA, SWISS will operate a further special flight Zurich - Tel Aviv - Zurich for around 220 people on Wednesday, 11 October. Other options are being examined in cooperation with third countries to assist Swiss nationals who wish to leave the country.

Tel Aviv airport is currently in operation, but may be temporarily closed at any time for security reasons. The FDFA does not envisage any organised departure of Swiss nationals from Israel.

The FDFA recommends that Swiss nationals also check and book other commercial flight options. For its part, the FDFA is examining other possibilities of subsidiary assistance for Swiss nationals in Israel to leave the country. The FDFA will communicate again as soon as further departure options are available.

At present, the FDFA has no information on Swiss victims. The FDFA's travel advice for Israel published on the Internet reflects the current assessment of the situation. They are reviewed on an ongoing basis. The FDFA is aware of a video in which Swiss kidnap victims are mentioned. The FDFA is clarifying the matter with the relevant authorities. The FDFA currently has no official information on possible Swiss hostages.

Currently, about 28,000 Swiss nationals and their families are officially registered in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory where they live and reside. About 600 people with a connection to Switzerland are registered on the Travel Admin App. The FDFA is in contact with these nationals on the ground and provides them with assistance as far as possible.

The FDFA helpline has so far received around 750 calls about the situation in Israel. The enquiries have come from people who are currently on the ground, from concerned relatives or from people who have planned a trip to Israel in the near future.

The FDFA reminds that Swiss nationals on the ground must follow the local authorities’ instructions. In accordance with the Law on the Swiss Abroad, the FDFA and the representations inform natural persons and their relatives in the event of a crisis situation and provide them with assistance as far as possible. The safety FDFA’s recommendations must be observed. The decision to leave a crisis region is made voluntarily, at the own risk and at the own expense of the person leaving. The Confederation may participate in search and rescue measures of the receiving state or other states.

The FDFA still has no information about Swiss victims or Swiss nationals who have been kidnapped. The FDFA's travel advice for Israel published on the Internet reflects the current assessment of the situation. They are checked on an ongoing basis.

At present, around 28,000 Swiss nationals and their families are officially registered in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, where they live and reside. Around 430 people with links to Switzerland are registered in the Travel Admin application. The FDFA is in contact with these nationals on the ground and supports them wherever possible.

To date, the FDFA Helpline has received some 500 calls concerning the situation in Israel. These calls have come from people who are currently in Israel, from concerned relatives or from people who are planning a trip to Israel in the near future.

Tel Aviv airport is operational but may be temporarily closed for security reasons. The FDFA does not itself organise departures from Israel. At the request of the FDFA, SWISS is planning a special flight from Tel Aviv to Zurich on Tuesday 10 October, intended primarily for bookings by Swiss nationals in Israel. Due to technical problems in the SWISS booking procedure for this flight, bookings could not be made online as initially announced by the FDFA; the problems have been resolved in the meantime and bookings can now be made via a SWISS call centre.

Those wishing to leave the country are required to find flight connections or other departure options. More information will follow when the FDFA becomes aware of departures organised by partner countries from which Swiss nationals may benefit.

Press release: Situation in Israel / occupied Palestinian territory: FDFA sets up task force, 09.10.2023

The Security Council met today for closed consultations on the situation in the Middle East. Switzerland condemned the shocking attacks, including acts of terror and rocket fire by Hamas against Israel. It called for the immediate release of those taken hostage who are currently being held in Gaza. It also deplored all civilian casualties and called on all parties to protect the civilian population and to respect the obligations of international humanitarian law. Switzerland underlined that de-escalation is the priority. It called on those responsible to do everything possible to bring about a ceasefire and avoid a regional escalation. It made this call also to those States that can exert influence on the parties involved.

Switzerland condemns the firing of rockets by Hamas and the attacks from the Gaza Strip on Israel, including on numerous civilians. Switzerland calls for the immediate release of the hostages currently being held in Gaza.

Civilians must be protected and international law must be respected at all times. We call for an immediate cessation of violence in order to avoid further escalation, including at regional level.

The FDFA is closely following the situation in Israel and the OPT. The Swiss embassy in Tel Aviv and the representative office in Ramallah are operational and are responding to requests from Swiss nationals, including this weekend. They are also in contact with the competent authorities on the ground.

The FDFA currently has no information on Swiss victims. The FDFA's travel advice for Israel, published on the Internet, reflects the current assessment of the situation. It is reviewed on an ongoing basis.

There are currently around 28,000 Swiss nationals and their families officially registered in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, where they live and reside. About 310 persons with ties to Switzerland are registered in the Travel Admin application. The FDFA is in contact with these nationals on the ground and assists them wherever possible.

To date, the FDFA Helpline has received some 230 calls concerning the situation in Israel. These calls have come from people who are currently in Israel, from concerned relatives or from people who are planning to travel to Israel in the near future.

The FDFA reminds Swiss citizens in Israel to follow the instructions of the local authorities. In accordance with the Law on the Swiss Abroad, the FDFA and its representations will inform individuals and their families in the event of a crisis situation and provide them with assistance wherever possible. The FDFA's security recommendations must be followed. The decision to leave a region in crisis is made voluntarily and at the risk and expense of the person leaving. The Confederation may participate in search and rescue operations of the host state or other states.

Tel Aviv airport is currently open, but the number of commercial flights has been reduced. The FDFA does not organize departures from Israel itself. When the FDFA becomes aware of departures organized by partner countries from which Swiss nationals may benefit, a message is sent to all persons registered at the Swiss Embassy in Tel Aviv and on Travel admin.

Switzerland condemns today's rocket fire by Hamas and the attacks on Israel from the Gaza Strip. Civilians must be protected and international law must be respected at all times. We call for an immediate end to the violence in order to avoid further escalation.

The FDFA is closely following the situation regarding the situation in Israel. The Swiss Embassy in Tel Aviv is operational and in contact with the competent authorities. The FDFA currently has no information on Swiss victims. The FDFA's travel advice for Israel, published on the Internet, reflects the current assessment of the situation. The travel advice is reviewed on an ongoing basis and has been updated today.

There are currently some 28,000 Swiss citizens officially registered in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, where they live and reside. Around 140 persons with a connection to Switzerland are registered in the Travel Admin App.

The FDFA reminds Swiss nationals that they must follow the instructions of the local authorities. In crisis situations, Swiss citizens abroad should keep themselves informed of the current situation, in particular through the media and communications from the local authorities. The decision to travel or not to travel is at the discretion and responsibility of the traveller. Return travel should be organised individually or through a travel agency.