Switzerland's various interests in Asia

The Asia G20 Strategy 2025–28, approved by the Federal Council, reflects Switzerland's diverse interests in relation to five key actors in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea. These G20 countries play a major role in the global economy and geopolitical developments. This strategy updates the China Strategy 2021–24, which proved to be a successful coordination and communication instrument.

20.06.2025
 A stock image of an Asian city.

In a shifting international order, Asia has a key role to play in the global economic and security architecture. © shutterstock

The growing fragmentation of the international order means that Asian countries have a more crucial role to play in the global economic and security architecture. The Foreign Policy Strategy (FPS) 2024–27 underscores the need for Switzerland to diversify its international partnerships and to take account of the geostrategic interdependence between Asia and Europe. The updating of the China Strategy 2021–24 and its extension to include the five key actors – China, India, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea – will contribute to a better understanding of the regional context. 

Geographical strategies

Under the Federal Constitution, foreign policy is driven by interests and values. The Federal Council fleshes out individual areas of its Foreign Policy Strategy through a series of geographical and thematic follow-up strategies. The Asia G20 Strategy updates the China Strategy 2021–24 and has been extended to include other Asian countries. The strategy is intended to highlight the diversity of Switzerland's relations with the five Asian G20 member states, to strengthen bilateral and multilateral ties, and to enable a differentiated view.

The image shows how the Foreign Policy Strategy 2024–27 is broken down into seven priorities: four thematic and three geographical.
Four thematic priorities flesh out individual areas of the Foreign Policy Strategy. © FDFA

Thematic priorities

Asia is expanding its economic, security and technological capabilities and influencing global trends in terms of growth, governance and innovation. Alongside this growing potential, however, the region also faces complex problems, in particular linked to security, economic, environmental and demographic challenges. The Asia G20 Strategy 2025–28 is structured around the four priorities set out in the Foreign Policy Strategy 2024–27: peace and security, prosperity and competitiveness, the environment, and democracy and governance.

Peace and security allow prosperity and fair competition. By the same token, fair competition and social prosperity promote stable societies as competition fosters productivity, new technologies and economic growth – the basis of a prosperous society. As a member of the UN Human Rights Council in the period 2025–2027, and as host country of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Switzerland actively champions rules-based free trade and respect for human rights.

Peace and security

In view of growing security tensions in Asia, Switzerland is following developments in the region with great interest. Escalation could have serious humanitarian implications, and could significantly jeopardise regional and global stability, human security, global prosperity and functioning supply chains.

Switzerland advocates respect for international law, the protection of territorial integrity, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts, in line with the UN Charter. It also works to strengthen arms control regimes and opposes the misuse of civilian technologies for military purposes. 

Prosperity and competitiveness

In order to secure optimal conditions for Swiss economic actors, Switzerland is strengthening its partnerships with these Asian G20 countries, in line with the foreign economic policy strategy. Switzerland is the only European country to have negotiated FTAs with all five countries, and is now seeking to update the existing agreements with South Korea and China. Switzerland advocates global solutions and actively participates in organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The aim is to promote rules-based free trade, diversify markets and strengthen economic multilateralism. 

Education, research and innovation

In line with its International Strategy on Education, Research and Innovation (ERI) Switzerland aims to further step up collaboration in these areas with the Asian G20 countries. The Swissnex network – the Swiss network for education, research and innovation – is particularly active in this region of the world and has a presence in China, India, Japan and South Korea. It works to enhance Switzerland's international visibility as a location for innovation and to promote partnerships in education, research and innovation. In this context, a Swiss science consulate was opened in 2023 in Osaka, the host city of Expo 2025. This is the first consulate of its type in Japan. Through its environmentally exemplary pavilion, Switzerland is showcasing its innovative capability. The Swiss pavilion is the result of a collaboration between Swissnex, the Swiss Embassy, and Presence Switzerland.

To tackle the current triple planetary crisis – climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution – and its impact, Switzerland works in multilateral and intergovernmental forums to find solutions. Environmental problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss transcend national borders. Cooperative structures between local, national and international actors are therefore needed. This is because resource scarcity and natural disasters can inflame tensions and encourage democratic regression if governance structures are not resilient enough. Through International Geneva, Switzerland has become a leading global centre on environmental policy, promoting the cooperation of over 70 environmental organisations. 

The environment

In line with the International Cooperation Strategy 2025–28 Switzerland's environment-related efforts in Asia prioritise climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly in the areas of water and energy management, food security and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Switzerland is also bolstering its multilateral and intergovernmental cooperation in response to the current triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. 

Democracy and governance 

As part of its diplomacy for democracy, Switzerland strengthens the institutional and social conditions to bolster democratic resilience. It advocates respect for human rights and the rule of law, which are essential components of robust democratic societies. These two concepts are complementary, mutually reinforcing and perform a crucial control function. In terms of strengthening democratic resilience, the five G20 countries in Asia are of great interest for Switzerland's diplomacy for democracy. Some countries in the Asia G20 region are amongst the most stable democracies in the world and are therefore important partners for strengthening democratic resilience. 

Disaster risk reduction

Switzerland and Indonesia have been working together on disaster risk reduction on the basis of a memorandum of understanding since 2020. The aim is to improve the Indonesian authorities' disaster risk management capacity by providing financial and technical support. This focuses on training, early warning systems, disaster education in remote regions, and building local response capability. The cooperation combines Swiss expertise with local knowledge to sustainably strengthen resilience to natural disasters.

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 The graphic shows a map of the region with the five Asian G20 countries: China, India, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea.
Map of the region showing the five G20 countries in Asia. © FDFA

Bilateral focus areas

Switzerland maintains close and varied ties with China, India, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea. They focus on trade, education, science, human rights and sustainability. This strategy updates the China Strategy 2021–24, which proved to be a successful coordination and communication instrument. An externally conducted final evaluation of the China Strategy 2021–24 (de) recommended extending the strategy to other countries in Asia. This recommendation is in line with objective 8 of the FPS 2024–27, which seeks to safeguard Swiss interests and develop partnerships in the context of geopolitical shifts. As part of the 2023–27 legislative programme, the Federal Assembly decided to update the China Strategy for the period from 2025 to 2028. All relevant actors and representatives from diplomacy, defence, migration, business, science, and cooperation were involved in the updating of the strategy in a whole of government approach.

Bilateral focus area: China

Switzerland was one of the first Western countries to recognise the People's Republic of China on 17 January 1950. The two countries have since maintained long-standing economic relations, which, besides a free trade agreement, also include an 'Innovative Strategic Partnership' with over 30 regular dialogues on a wide range of topics. One example is the human rights dialogue between Switzerland and China, which has taken place 18 times. A strategic dialogue is also held annually between the two foreign affairs ministers. Sino-Swiss relations have intensified and are highly complex as the countries have diverging values in various fields. Nevertheless, the traditional constructive critical dialogue between the two countries continues to form the basis of stable and diversified bilateral relations.

Many major Swiss companies have a presence in China, which is Switzerland's third most important trading partner. Swiss investment in production facilities, research and development centres, and local partnerships is growing. The complex regulatory environment, the geopolitical landscape, and in particular the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mean that a strategic approach and continual adaptation are required.

 

  • Population: 1.418 bn (2025)
  • Population growth: -0.06% (2024)
  • HDI: Ranked 75/191 (2022)
      
  • GDP (nominal): USD 19.5 bn (2025 estimate)
  • Annual GDP growth: +4.5% (2025 estimate)
  • GNI per capita: USD 14,870 (2025 estimate)
      
  • Representation opened in: 1950
  • Swiss community: 2,978 people (2025)
  • Trade volume: CHF 33.5 bn (2024)

Embassy of Switzerland in China

Bilateral focus area: India

Switzerland has maintained close relations with India in trade, education, science and culture since 1947. Many bilateral agreements and a broad network of representations strengthen cooperation in politics, the economy (innovation) and the environment (sustainability). India, the world's largest parliamentary democracy, is experiencing an economic boom and has established itself as a global economic powerhouse in IT, infrastructure, energy and green technologies. This growth has also given rise to social tensions, however. Through contact with key stakeholders, Switzerland promotes respect for human rights, particularly the rights of religious minorities, and conducts constructive dialogue on peace and security issues. 

India has become a leading hub for cutting-edge technologies, such as AI, cybersecurity, fintech and advanced manufacturing. Bangalore, where Switzerland set up a Swissnex location in 2010, is at the very forefront of India's technological revolution. This dynamism presents opportunities for collaboration with Switzerland, especially in green technologies. On 10 March 2024 the EFTA states and India signed the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) , a basis for the development of economic and technological development opportunities.

  • Population: 1.456 bn (2025)
  • Population growth: +0.88% (2024)
  • HDI: Ranked 134/191 (2022)
  • GDP (nominal): USD 4.27 bn (2025 estimate)
  • Annual GDP growth: +6.5% (2025 estimate)
  • GNI per capita: USD 2,940 (2025 estimate)
  • Representation opened: 1915
  • Swiss community: 582 people (2025)
  • Trade volume: CHF 4.1 bn (2024)

Embassy of Switzerland in India

Bilateral focus area: Indonesia

Switzerland opened its first representation in Batavia (now Jakarta) in 1863, and recognised Indonesia's independence in 1949. Regular visits, political consultations and meetings of the Joint Economic and Trade Commission (JETC) are testament to the good relations between the two countries. Indonesia plays a leading role within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and endeavours to position itself as a global bridge builder. To support effective multilateralism, Indonesia hosted the Bali Democracy Forum, for example, a high-level dialogue aimed at promoting democratic values in the Asia-Pacific region. 

For Switzerland Indonesia is a partner with great potential. Long-term forecasts suggest that Indonesia's economy could be the world's fourth largest by 2050. The comprehensive economic partnership agreement between EFTA and Indonesia establishes a favourable framework in which to step up bilateral economic relations. Switzerland works closely with the Indonesian authorities, for example in rainforest protection, corporate responsibility and on the bilateral investment promotion and protection agreement. As part of SECO's economic development cooperation, Switzerland supports Indonesia's transformation towards a sustainable, resilient and competitive economy.

  • Population: 284 million (2025)
  • Population growth: +0.8% (2024)
  • HDI: Ranked 112/191 (2022)
  • GDP (nominal): USD 1.49 bn(2025 estimate)
  • Annual GDP growth: +5.1% (2025 estimate)
  • GNI per capita: USD 5,250 (2023)
  • Representation opened in: 1863
  • Swiss community: 1,198 people (2025)
  • Trade volume: CHF 820 m (2024)

Embassy of Switzerland in Indonesia

Bilateral focus area: Japan

Switzerland and Japan have maintained close diplomatic relations since 1864. Since 2009 they have been conducting political dialogue aimed at strengthening cooperation between the two countries. Switzerland and Japan work together closely in multilateral forums, such as the UN, WTO and OECD. Japan is playing an increasingly important role geopolitically, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, where it advocates free trade, international law and infrastructure development. It also actively promotes the conclusion of free trade agreements and designs effective new rules for economic security and supply chains.

Japan is the world's fourth-biggest economy and a key Asian partner for Switzerland. Bilateral cooperation covers economic affairs, education, research and innovation, particularly in the fields of AI, robotics and renewable energies. For Switzerland, Japan is a priority country for export promotion and its third most important trading partner in Asia. The two countries signed a free trade agreement in 2009. A financial dialogue and an agreement on scientific cooperation signed in 2007 consolidate the bilateral relations.

  • Population: 124 million (2025)
  • Population growth: -0.5% (2024)
  • HDI: Ranked 24/191 (2022)
  • GDP (nominal): USD 4.39 bn (2025 estimate)
  • Annual GDP growth: +1.1% (2025 estimate)
  • GNI per capita: USD 35,610 (2025 estimate)
  • Representation since: 1906
  • Swiss community: 2,052 people (2025)
  • Trade volume: CHF 12.7 bn (2024)

Embassy of Switzerland in Japan

Bilateral focus area: South Korea

Switzerland decided to set up an embassy in Seoul in 1969. This was followed by bilateral agreements in 1971 (investment promotion and protection), 1975 (air transport) and 1977 (patent protection). However, the first diplomatic relations date back to 1953, when the armistice agreement was signed between North Korea and South Korea. That same year, Switzerland and Sweden made up the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) to monitor the armistice agreement. Common interests within multilateral bodies support the already close bilateral cooperation. South Korea is bolstering its international role, opening new representations, increasing its development aid budget, and advancing its Digital Bill of Rights project to promote ethical technology standards.

Switzerland and South Korea have close economic ties that also benefit from the FTA between EFTA and South Korea, which entered into force in 2006. Initiatives such as the Swiss-Korean Innovation Week encourage networking between actors from science, business, and politics. In 2023, Switzerland and South Korea signed a joint declaration on research cooperation focusing on digitalisation, biotech and quantum technology. There are opportunities for Swiss innovations in the hydrogen economy, sustainable transport, pharmaceuticals, and the luxury goods market – particularly watches and jewellery.

  • Population: 52 million (2024)
  • Population growth: -0.02% (2024)
  • HDI: Ranked 19/191 (2022)
  • GDP (nominal): USD 1.95 bn (2025 estimate)
  • Annual GDP growth: +2.2% (2025 estimate)
  • GNI per capita: USD 37,670 (2025 estimate)
  • Representation since: 1965
  • Swiss community: 322 people (2025)
  • Trade volume: CHF 5.1 bn(2024)

Embassy of Switzerland in the Republic of Korea

he Asian continent is one of the most dynamic and diverse regions in the world, where the future seems to be unfolding in front of our eyes.
Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis

Multilateralism

For Switzerland, which advocates a rules-based order and strong institutions, multilateralism is crucial. As the only South East Asian member of the G20 and a new member of the BRICS group, Indonesia is bolstering its regional and global role through various partnerships, summits such as the Bali Democracy Forum, and accession discussions with the OECD. Switzerland is also developing its international ties in a targeted way: during its membership of the UN Security Council (2023–24), it enhanced cooperation with South Korea and Japan, with a focus on peace, climate security and civilian protection. Switzerland seeks to engage in dialogue with China – a key actor in the multilateral system – to discuss global challenges such as the climate, health, development and human rights.

While not a member, Switzerland attaches great importance to the G20 and endeavours to strengthen relations with its non-European members in line with objective 8 of its FPS 2024–27. As a guest country in the Finance Track and an active participant in the Sherpa Track, Switzerland contributes to working groups on topics such as the climate, trade, research and health, and aligns with the G20's key goals such as combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.

Against this backdrop, the five Asian G20 members play an increasingly pivotal role in the global economic and political order. The Asia G20 Strategy combines elements from the foreign economic policy strategies, the International Cooperation Strategy, the Guidelines on Democracy and many other areas.

G20: Finance Track and Sherpa Track

The G20, which does not have a permanent secretariat, is based on an alternating presidency which determines its annual priorities. The G20's work is split into two main areas: the Finance Track, in which finance ministers and central banks deal with economic and monetary issues, and the Sherpa Track, which addresses a broad range of other global issues such as the climate, trade, research and innovation, and health. 

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